Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQLServer 2008中SQL增强之二 Top新用途

SQLServer 2008中SQL增强之二 Top新用途

Jun 07, 2016 pm 06:06 PM
sqlserver top

在SQL Server 2005之前的传统SQL语句中,top语句是不支持局部变量的。

一、TOP替代Set RowCount
在SQL Server 2005之前的传统SQL语句中,top语句是不支持局部变量的。见

此时可以使用Set RowCount,但是在SQL Server 2005/2008中,TOP通常执行得更快,所以应该用TOP关键字来取代Set RowCount。
代码如下:
/***************创建测试表*********************
****************downmoo 3w@live.cn ***************/
IF NOT OBJECT_ID('[Demo_Top]') IS NULL
DROP TABLE [Demo_Top]
GO
Create table [Demo_Top]
(PID int identity(1,1) primary key not null
,PName nvarchar(100) null
,AddTime dateTime null
,PGuid Nvarchar(40)
)
go
truncate table [Demo_Top]
/***************创建1002条测试数据*********************
****************downmoo 3w@live.cn ***************/
declare @d datetime
set @d=getdate()
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @ibegin
insert into [Demo_Top]
select cast(datepart(ms,getdate()) as nvarchar(3))+Replicate('A',datepart(ss,getdate()))
,getdate()
,NewID()
set @i=@i+1
end

--注意TOP关键字可以用于Select,Update和Delete语句中
代码如下:
Declare @percentage float
set @percentage=1
select Top (@percentage) percent PName from [Demo_Top] order by PName
--注意是11行。(11 row(s) affected)

邀月注:如果只是需要一些样本,也可以使用TableSample,以下语句返回表Demo_Top的一定百分比的随机行
代码如下:
select PName,AddTime, PGuid from [Demo_Top]
TableSample System(10 percent)
--(77 row(s) affected)

注意这个百分比是表数据页的百分比,而不是记录数的百分比,因此记录数目是不确定的。
二、TOP分块修改数据
TOP的第二个关键改进是支持数据的分块操作。换句话说,避免在一个语句中执行非常大的操作,而把修改分成多个小块,这大大改善了大数据量、大访问量的表的并发性,可以用于大的报表或数据仓库应用程序。此外,分块操作可以避免日志的快速增长,因为前一操作完成后,可能会重用日志空间。如果操作中有事务,已经完成的修改数据已经可以用于查询,而不必等待所有的修改完成。
仍以上表为例:
代码如下:
while (select count(1) from [Demo_Top])>0
begin
delete top (202) from [Demo_Top]
end
/*
(202 row(s) affected)
(202 row(s) affected)
(202 row(s) affected)
(202 row(s) affected)
(194 row(s) affected)
*/

注意是每批删除202条数据,TOP也可以用于Select和Update语句,其中后者更为实用。
--Select TOP(100)
--Update TOP(100)
邀月注:本文版权由邀月和博客园共同所有,转载请注明出处。
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