SQL Server 索引介绍
数据库索引是对数据表中一个或多个列的值进行排序的结构,就像一本书的目录一样,索引提供了在行中快速查询特定行的能力
一,索引的概述1,概念: 数据库索引是对数据表中一个或多个列的值进行排序的结构,就像一本书的目录一样,索引提供了在行中快速查询特定行的能力.
2,优缺点:
2.1优点: 1,大大加快搜索数据的速度,这是引入索引的主要原因.
2,创建唯一性索引,保证数据库表中每一行数据的唯一性.
3,加速表与表之间的连接,特别是在实现数据的参考完整性方面特别有意义.
4,在使用分组和排序子句进行数据检索时,同样可以减少其使用时间.
2,2缺点: 1,索引需要占用物理空间,聚集索引占的空间更大.
2,创建索引和维护索引需要耗费时间,这种时间会随着数据量的增加而增加.
3,当向一个包含索引的列的数据表中添加或者修改记录时,SQL server 会修改和维护相应的索引,这样增加系统的额外开销,降低处理速度。
3,索引的分类:
1,按存储结构可分为:
a,聚集索引:指物理存储顺序与索引顺序完全相同,它由上下两层组成,上层为索引页,下层为数据页,只有一种排序方式,因此每个表中只能创建一个聚集索引。
b,非聚集索引:指存储的数据顺序一般和表的物理数据的存储结构不同。通过下表我们可以分析出:(其中在学号上建立非聚集索引)
2,根基索引键值是否唯一,可以判定是否为唯一索引;基于多个字段的组合创建索引的为组合索引。二,索引的操作:1,创建:(1),原则:a,只有表的所有者可以在同一个表中创建索引;
b,每个表中只可以创建一个聚集索引;
c,每个表中最多可以创建249个非聚集索引;
d,在经常查询的字段上建立索引;
e,定义text,image和bit数据类型的裂伤不能创建索引;
f,在外键列上可以创建索引,主键上一定要有索引;
g,在那些重复值比较多的,查询较少的列上不要建立索引。
(2),方法:a,使用SQL server Management Studio创建索引。
b,使用T-SQL语句中的create Index语句创建索引
c,使用Create table或者alter Table语句为表列定义主键约束或者唯一性约束时,会自动创建主键索引和惟一索引。
这里说说T-sql语句创建索引:
语法:
代码如下:create relational index create[unique][clustered|nonclustered] index index_name on
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