Home Database Mysql Tutorial 设置SQLServer数据库中某些表为只读的多种方法分享

设置SQLServer数据库中某些表为只读的多种方法分享

Jun 07, 2016 pm 06:07 PM
sqlserver read only

在某些情况下需要把SQLServer的表设为只读,下面举出几种方法,需要的朋友可以参考下

一般情况下会有几种情况需要你把数据库设为只读:
1. Insert,Update,Delete 触发器
2. Check 约束 和 Delete 触发器
3. 设置数据库为只读
4. 把表放到只读文件组中
5. 拒绝对象级别权限
6. 创建视图
在开始之前,先创建一个数据库及表作为示例:
代码如下:
create database MyDB
create table tblEvents
(
id int,
logEvent varchar(1000)
)
insert into tblEvents
values (1, 'Password Changed'), (2, 'User Dropped'), (3, 'Finance Data Changed')

nsert/Update/Delete触发器:
请注意这里使用的是INSTEADOF trigger,因为如果你使用了AFTER trigger,会在执行DELETE, UPDATE和INSERT语句时请求锁,会对写事务日志和回滚操作造成性能上的影响
代码如下:
CREATE TRIGGER trReadOnly_tblEvents ON tblEvents
INSTEAD OF INSERT,
UPDATE,
DELETE
AS
BEGIN
RAISERROR( 'tblEvents table is read only.', 16, 1 )
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END

当用户执行insert/update/delete时,将提示以下错误:
Msg 50000, Level 16, State 1, Procedure trReadOnly_tblEvents, Line 7tblEvents table is read only.Msg 3609, Level 16, State 1, Line 1The transaction ended in the trigger. The batch has been aborted.

使用 Check 约束和Delete 触发器:
现在先在表中添加一个check 约束“1=0”,意味着总是失败。它禁止你在任何行执行INSERT或者Delete操作。
首先,先禁用在上一步创建的触发器:disable trigger trReadOnly_tblEvents on tblevents然后,添加约束:ALTER TABLE tblEvents WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT chk_read_only_tblEvent CHECK( 1 = 0 )执行以后,无论你执行任何一个INSERT/UPDATE语句,都将提示以下错误信息:
Msg 547, Level 16, State 0, Line 1
The UPDATE statement conflicted with the CHECKconstraint "chk_read_only_tblEvent". The conflict occurred indatabase "MyDB", table "dbo.tblEvents".
The statement has been terminated.
但是,该约束不会对DELETE操作造成影响,为此,需要再创建一个DDL触发器:
代码如下:
CREATE TRIGGER trReadOnlyDel_tblEvents ON tblEvents
INSTEAD OF
DELETE
AS
BEGIN
RAISERROR( 'tblEvents table is read only.', 16, 1 )
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END

设置数据库为只读:
你可以设置数据库为只读,这样就禁止对整个数据库的DDL/DML操作。可以使用以下语句:
代码如下:
USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE [MyDB] SET READ_ONLY WITH NO_WAIT
GO

把表放到只读文件组:
可以在一个只读文件组中创建一个表:
代码如下:
USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE [MyDB] ADD FILEGROUP [READ_ONLY_TBLS]
GO
ALTER DATABASE [MyDB] ADD FILE ( NAME = N'mydb_readonly_tables', FILENAME = N'C:\JSPACE\myDBReadOnly.ndf' , SIZE = 2048KB , FILEGROWTH = 1024KB ) TO FILEGROUP [READ_ONLY_TBLS]
GO
DROP table tblEvents
create table tblEvents
(
id int,
logEvent varchar(1000)
)
ON [READ_ONLY_TBLS]
ALTER DATABASE [MyDB] MODIFY FILEGROUP [READ_ONLY_TBLS] READONLY
任何对表的DML操作都会被拒绝,并返回以下错误信息:
Msg 652, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
The index "" for table "dbo.tblEvents" (RowsetId 72057594038845440) resides on a read-only filegroup ("READ_ONLY_TBLS"), which cannot be modified.

拒绝对象级别权限
可以通过DCL命令控制用户权限,但此步无法限制高级权限用户(如system admin,DatabaseOwner):
代码如下:
DENY INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON tblEvents TO Jugal
DENY INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON tblEvents TO Public

创建视图
为了替代直接访问表,可以使用视图:
代码如下:
create view vwtblEvents
as
select ID, Logevent from tblEvents
union all
select 0, '0' where 1=0

在这个视图中,使用了UNION,只有在你确保有对应数量的列时才使用。在这个例子中,表有两列,所以使用两个输出列。同时,你也应该确保数据类型也一致。
当一个用户尝试通过INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE操作数据时,将得到以下错误信息:
Msg 4406, Level 16, State 1, Line 1Update or insert of view or function 'vwtblEvents1' failed because it contains a derived or constant field.Msg 4426, Level 16, State 1, Line 1View'vwtblEvents1' is not updatable because the definition contains a UNIONoperator.


最后一步:
确认是否有必要用这些步骤来设置表为只读。
如果一个表总是只读,那么你应该放到只读文件组中。
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How to solve the problem that the object named already exists in the sqlserver database How to solve the problem that the object named already exists in the sqlserver database Apr 05, 2024 pm 09:42 PM

For objects with the same name that already exist in the SQL Server database, the following steps need to be taken: Confirm the object type (table, view, stored procedure). IF NOT EXISTS can be used to skip creation if the object is empty. If the object has data, use a different name or modify the structure. Use DROP to delete existing objects (use caution, backup recommended). Check for schema changes to make sure there are no references to deleted or renamed objects.

How to import mdf file into sqlserver How to import mdf file into sqlserver Apr 08, 2024 am 11:41 AM

The import steps are as follows: Copy the MDF file to SQL Server's data directory (usually C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\DATA). In SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), open the database and select Attach. Click the Add button and select the MDF file. Confirm the database name and click the OK button.

What to do if the sqlserver service cannot be started What to do if the sqlserver service cannot be started Apr 05, 2024 pm 10:00 PM

When the SQL Server service fails to start, here are some steps to resolve: Check the error log to determine the root cause. Make sure the service account has permission to start the service. Check whether dependency services are running. Disable antivirus software. Repair SQL Server installation. If the repair does not work, reinstall SQL Server.

How to check sqlserver port number How to check sqlserver port number Apr 05, 2024 pm 09:57 PM

To view the SQL Server port number: Open SSMS and connect to the server. Find the server name in Object Explorer, right-click it and select Properties. In the Connection tab, view the TCP Port field.

Where is the sqlserver database? Where is the sqlserver database? Apr 05, 2024 pm 08:21 PM

SQL Server database files are usually stored in the following default location: Windows: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\DATALinux: /var/opt/mssql/data The database file location can be customized by modifying the database file path setting.

How to recover accidentally deleted database in sqlserver How to recover accidentally deleted database in sqlserver Apr 05, 2024 pm 10:39 PM

If you accidentally delete a SQL Server database, you can take the following steps to recover: stop database activity; back up log files; check database logs; recovery options: restore from backup; restore from transaction log; use DBCC CHECKDB; use third-party tools. Please back up your database regularly and enable transaction logging to prevent data loss.

How to delete sqlserver if the installation fails? How to delete sqlserver if the installation fails? Apr 05, 2024 pm 11:27 PM

If the SQL Server installation fails, you can clean it up by following these steps: Uninstall SQL Server Delete registry keys Delete files and folders Restart the computer

How to solve Java connection SqlServer error How to solve Java connection SqlServer error May 01, 2023 am 09:22 AM

The problem was found that this time I was using the SqlServer database, which I had not used before, but the problem was not serious. After I connected the SqlServer according to the steps in the requirements document, I started the SpringBoot project and found an error, as follows: At first I thought it was a SqlServer connection. There was a problem, so I went to check the database and found that everything was normal. I first asked my colleagues if they had such a problem, and found that they did not, so I started my best part, facing Baidu. programming. The specific error message I started to solve was this, so I started Baidu error reporting: ERRORc.a.d.p.DruidDataSource$CreateCo

See all articles