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php面向对象:观察者模式示例

Jun 08, 2016 pm 05:20 PM
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观察者模式也是php面向对象中的一个不常用的模式了,下面我们一起来看看php面向对象:观察者模式示例,希望对给各位带来帮助。

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意图:

定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新【GOF95】

又称为发布-订阅(Publish-Subscribe)模式、模型-视图(Model-View)模式、源-监听(Source-Listener)模式、或从属者(Dependents)模式

结构图:

php面向对象:观察者模式示例

 

主要角色

抽象主题(Subject)角色:主题角色将所有对观察者对象的引用保存在一个集合中,每个主题可以有任意多个观察者。抽象主题提供了增加和删除观察者对象的接口。

抽象观察者(Observer)角色:为所有的具体观察者定义一个接口,在观察的主题发生改变时更新自己。

具体主题(ConcreteSubject)角色:存储相关状态到具体观察者对象,当具体主题的内部状态改变时,给所有登记过的观察者发出通知。具体主题角色通常用一个具体子类实现。

具体观察者(ConcretedObserver)角色:存储一个具体主题对象,存储相关状态,实现抽象观察者角色所要求的更新接口,以使得其自身状态和主题的状态保持一致。

优点和缺点

优点:观察者和主题之间的耦合度较小,支持广播通信。

缺点:由于观察者并不知道其它观察者的存在,它可能对改变目标的最终代价一无所知。这可能会引起意外的更新。

适用场景

当一个抽象模型有两个方面,其中一个方面依赖于另一个方面。

当对一个对象的改变需要同时改变其它对象,而不知道具体有多少个对象待改变。

当一个对象必须通知其它对象,而它又不能假定其它对象是谁。换句话说,你不希望这些对象是紧密耦合的。

实现代码

 
/**
* 观察者模式
 
* @package design pattern
*/
 
/**
* 抽象主题角色
*/
interface Subject {
 
    /**
     * 增加一个新的观察者对象
     * @param Observer $observer
     */
    public function attach(Observer $observer);
 
    /**
     * 删除一个已注册过的观察者对象
     * @param Observer $observer
     */
    public function detach(Observer $observer);
 
    /**
     * 通知所有注册过的观察者对象
     */
    public function notifyObservers();
}
 
/**
* 具体主题角色
*/
class ConcreteSubject implements Subject {
 
    private $_observers;
 
    public function __construct() {
        $this->_observers = array();
    }
 
    /**
     * 增加一个新的观察者对象
     * @param Observer $observer
     */
    public function attach(Observer $observer) {
        return array_push($this->_observers, $observer);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个已注册过的观察者对象
     * @param Observer $observer
     */
    public function detach(Observer $observer) {
        $index = array_search($observer, $this->_observers);
        if ($index === FALSE || ! array_key_exists($index, $this->_observers)) {
            return FALSE;
        }
 
        unset($this->_observers[$index]);
        return TRUE;
    }
 
    /**
     * 通知所有注册过的观察者对象
     */
    public function notifyObservers() {
        if (!is_array($this->_observers)) {
            return FALSE;
        }
 
        foreach ($this->_observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update();
        }
 
        return TRUE;
    }
 
}
 
/**
* 抽象观察者角色
*/
interface Observer {
 
    /**
     * 更新方法
     */
    public function update();
}
 
class ConcreteObserver implements Observer {
 
    /**
     * 观察者的名称
     * @var
     */
    private $_name;
 
    public function __construct($name) {
        $this->_name = $name;
    }
 
    /**
     * 更新方法
     */
    public function update() {
        echo 'Observer', $this->_name, ' has notified.
';
    }
 
}
 
   $subject = new ConcreteSubject();
 
        /* 添加第一个观察者 */
        $observer1 = new ConcreteObserver('Martin');
        $subject->attach($observer1);
 
        echo '
The First notify:
';
        $subject->notifyObservers();
 
        /* 添加第二个观察者 */
        $observer2 = new ConcreteObserver('phppan');
        $subject->attach($observer2);
 
        echo '
The Second notify:
';
        $subject->notifyObservers();
 
        /* 删除第一个观察者 */
        $subject->detach($observer1);
 
        echo '
The Third notify:
';
        $subject->notifyObservers();

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