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PHP预定义接口使用学习笔记

Jun 08, 2016 pm 05:20 PM
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我们知道php提供了6个迭代器接口了,那么这6个接口怎么样呢?有没有朋友都了解?如果各位朋友不知道的可以和小编一起来看看.

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PHP预定义了6个接口介绍如下:

Traversable 遍历接口(检测一个类是否可以使用�0�2foreach�0�2进行遍历的接口)
Iterator 迭代器接口(可在内部迭代自己的外部迭代器或类的接口)
IteratorAggregate 聚合式迭代器接口(创建外部迭代器的接口)
OuterIterator 迭代器嵌套接口(将一个或多个迭代器包裹在另一个迭代器中)
RecursiveIterator 递归迭代访问接口(提供递归访问功能)
SeekableIterator 可索引迭代访问接口(实现查找功能)

1.Traversable遍历接口

呵呵!其实它不是一个在PHP中可以使用的接口,内部类才可使用,它有一个用途就是检测一个类是否可以遍历。

if($class instanceof Traversable) {
    //foreach
}

 2.Iterator迭代器接口


接口摘要:
Iterator extends Traversable 

    //返回当前索引游标指向的元素 
    abstract public mixed current(void) 
    //返回当前索引游标指向的元素的键名 
    abstract public scalar key(void) 
    //移动当前索引游标指向下一元素 
    abstract public void next(void) 
    //重置索引游标的指向第一个元素 
    abstract public void rewind(void) 
    //判断当前索引游标指向的是否是一个元素,常常在调用 rewind()或 next()使用 
    abstract public boolean valid(void) 
}

 

以上可以让一个类实现一个基本的迭代功能,如下可以看到迭代的调用顺序:


class  myIterator  implements  Iterator  {
    private  $position  =  0 ;
    private  $array  = array(
        "firstelement" ,
        "secondelement" ,
        "lastelement" ,
    );
 
    public function  __construct () {
        $this -> position  =  0 ;
    }
 
    function  rewind () {
        var_dump ( __METHOD__ );
        $this -> position  =  0 ;
    }
 
    function  current () {
        var_dump ( __METHOD__ );
        return  $this -> array [ $this -> position ];
    }
 
    function  key () {
        var_dump ( __METHOD__ );
        return  $this -> position ;
    }
 
    function  next () {
        var_dump ( __METHOD__ );
        ++ $this -> position ;
    }
 
    function  valid () {
        var_dump ( __METHOD__ );
        return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]);
    }
}
 
$it  = new  myIterator ;
 
foreach( $it  as  $key  =>  $value ) {
    var_dump ( $key ,  $value );
    echo  "\n" ;
}

3.IteratorAggregate聚合式迭代器接口


接口摘要:


IteratorAggregate  extends Traversable  {
 
//获取外部迭代器
abstract public Traversable getIterator  ( void )
}

getIterator是一个Iterator或Traversable接口的类的一个实例。如下获取外部迭代器实现迭代访问。
class  myData  implements  IteratorAggregate  {
    public  $property1  =  "Public property one" ;
    public  $property2  =  "Public property two" ;
    public  $property3  =  "Public property three" ;
 
    public function  __construct () {
        $this -> property4  =  "last property" ;
    }
 
   
    public function  getIterator () {
        return new  ArrayIterator ( $this );
    }
}
 
$obj  = new  myData ;
 
foreach( $obj  as  $key  =>  $value ) {
    var_dump ( $key ,  $value );
    echo  "\n" ;
}

4.ArrayAccess数组式访问接口


接口摘要:
ArrayAccess  {
    /* 方法 */
    abstract public boolean offsetExists  ( mixed  $offset  ) //检查偏移位置是否存在
    abstract public mixed offsetGet  ( mixed  $offset  ) //获取一个偏移位置的值
    abstract public void offsetSet  ( mixed  $offset  , mixed  $value  ) //设置一个偏移位置的值
    abstract public void offsetUnset  ( mixed  $offset  ) //复位一个偏移位置的值
}

如下可像访问数组一样访问对象:
class  obj  implements  arrayaccess  {
    private  $container  = array();
    public function  __construct () {
        $this -> container  = array(
            "one"    =>  1 ,
            "two"    =>  2 ,
            "three"  =>  3 ,
        );
    }
    public function  offsetSet ( $offset ,  $value ) {
        if ( is_null ( $offset )) {
            $this -> container [] =  $value ;
        } else {
            $this -> container [ $offset ] =  $value ;
        }
    }
    public function  offsetExists ( $offset ) {
        return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]);
    }
    public function  offsetUnset ( $offset ) {
        unset( $this -> container [ $offset ]);
    }
    public function  offsetGet ( $offset ) {
        return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]) ?  $this -> container [ $offset ] :  null ;
    }
}
 
$obj  = new  obj ;
 
var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));
var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);
unset( $obj [ "two" ]);
var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));
$obj [ "two" ] =  "A value" ;
var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);
$obj [] =  'Append 1' ;
$obj [] =  'Append 2' ;
$obj [] =  'Append 3' ;
print_r ( $obj );

5.Serializable序列化接口
接口摘要:
Serializable  {
 
    /* 方法 */
    abstract public string serialize  ( void ) //对象的字符串表示
    abstract public mixed unserialize  ( string $serialized  ) // 构造对象
}

实现该接口的类不再支持__sleep()和__wakeup()。使用很简单,只要序列化对象时serialize方法会被调用,当反序列化时,unserialize方法被调用。

class  obj  implements  Serializable  {
    private  $data ;
    public function  __construct () {
        $this -> data  =  "My private data" ;
    }
    public function  serialize () {
        return  serialize ( $this -> data );
    }
    public function  unserialize ( $data ) {
        $this -> data  =  unserialize ( $data );
    }
    public function  getData () {
        return  $this -> data ;
    }
}
 
$obj  = new  obj ;
$ser  =  serialize ( $obj );
print_r($ser);
$newobj  =  unserialize ( $ser );
print_r($newobj);

6.Closure


接口摘要:
Closure  {
    /* 方法 */
    __construct  ( void ) //用于禁止实例化的构造函数
    public static Closure bind  ( Closure  $closure  , object $newthis  [, mixed  $newscope  = 'static'  ] ) //复制一个闭包,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。
    public Closure bindTo  ( object $newthis  [, mixed  $newscope  = 'static'  ] ) //复制当前闭包对象,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。
}

class  A  {
    private static  $sfoo  =  1 ;
    private  $ifoo  =  2 ;
}
 $cl1  = static function() {
    return  A :: $sfoo ;
};
 $cl2  = function() {
    return  $this -> ifoo ;
};
 
 $bcl1  =  Closure :: bind ( $cl1 ,  null ,  'A' );
 $bcl2  =  Closure :: bind ( $cl2 , new  A (),  'A' );
echo  $bcl1 (),  "\n" ;
echo  $bcl2 (),  "\n" ;

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