AJAX在PHP中的简单使用
[ AJAX介绍 ]
Ajax是使用客户端脚本与Web服务器交换数据的Web应用开发方法。Web页面不用打断交互流程进行重新加裁,就可以动态地更新。使用Ajax,用户可以创建接近本地桌面应用的直接、高可用、更丰富、更动态的Web用户界面。
异步Javascrīpt和XML(AJAX)不是什么新技术,而是使用几种现有技术——包括级联样式表(CSS)、Javascrīpt、XHTML、XML和可扩展样式语言转换(XSLT),开发外观及操作类似桌面软件的Web应用软件。
[ AJAX执行原理 ]
一个Ajax交互从一个称为XMLHttpRequest的Javascrīpt对象开始。如同名字所暗示的,它允许一个客户端脚本来执行HTTP请求,并且将会解析一个XML格式的服务器响应。Ajax处理过程中的第一步是创建一个XMLHttpRequest实例。使用HTTP方法(GET或POST)来处理请求,并将目标URL设置到XMLHttpRequest对象上。
当你发送HTTP请求,你不希望浏览器挂起并等待服务器的响应,取而代之的是,你希望通过页面继续响应用户的界面交互,并在服务器响应真正到达后处理它们。要完成它,你可以向XMLHttpRequest注册一个回调函数,并异步地派发XMLHttpRequest请求。控制权马上就被返回到浏览器,当服务器响应到达时,回调函数将会被调用。
[ AJAX实际应用 ]
1. 初始化Ajax
Ajax实际上就是调用了XMLHttpRequest对象,那么首先我们的就必须调用这个对象,我们构建一个初始化Ajax的函数:
/**
* 初始化一个xmlhttp对象
*/
function InitAjax()
{
var ajax=false;
try {
ajax = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {
try {
ajax = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
} catch (E) {
ajax = false;
}
}
if (!ajax && typeof XMLHttpRequest!=''undefined'') {
ajax = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
return ajax;
}
你也许会说,这个代码因为要调用XMLHTTP组件,是不是只有IE浏览器能使,不是的经我试验,Firefox也是能使用的。
那么我们在执行任何Ajax操作之前,都必须先调用我们的InitAjax()函数来实例化一个Ajax对象。
2. 使用Get方式
现在我们第一步来执行一个Get请求,加入我们需要获取 /show.php?id=1的数据,那么我们应该怎么做呢?
假设有一个链接:新闻1,我点该链接的时候,不想任何刷新就能够看到链接的内容,那么我们该怎么做呢?
//将链接改为:
新闻1
//并且设置一个接收新闻的层,并且设置为不显示:
同时构造相应的Javascrīpt函数:
function getNews(newsID)
{
//如果没有把参数newsID传进来
if (typeof(newsID) == ''undefined'')
{
return false;
}
//需要进行Ajax的URL地址
var url = "/show.php?id="+ newsID;
//获取新闻显示层的位置
var show = document.getElementById("show_news");
//实例化Ajax对象
var ajax = InitAjax();
//使用Get方式进行请求
ajax.open("GET", url, true);
//获取执行状态
ajax.onreadystatechange = function() {
//如果执行是状态正常,

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