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一起学习用PHP读取文件的正确方法

Jun 08, 2016 pm 05:32 PM
fgets fopen nbsp quot

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今天做读取文件练习的时候遇到一个问题,遂在百度上寻找相关解决方法.发现此篇文章,自我感觉良好,特转载过来,供大家参考,相信大家会有不一样的收获..

    fopen 方法可能是以前的 C 和 C++ 程序员最熟悉的,因为如果您使用过这些语言,那么它们或多或少都是您已掌握多年的工具。对于这些方法中的任何一种,通过使用 fopen(用于读取数据的函数)的标准方法打开文件,然后使用 fclose 关闭文件,如清单 1 所示。

    清单1:用fgets打开并读取文件

$file_handle = fopen("myfile", "r");

while (!feof($file_handle)) {

$line = fgets($file_handle);

echo $line;

}

fclose($file_handle);

    虽然大多数具有多年编程经验的程序员都熟悉这些函数,但是让我对这些函数进行分解。有效地执行以下步骤:

    1、打开文件。$file_handle 存储了一个对文件本身的引用。

    2、检查您是否已到达文件的末尾。

    3、继续读取文件,直至到达文件末尾,边读取边打印每行。

    4、关闭文件。

    记住这些步骤,我将回顾在这里使用的每个文件函数。

    fopen

    fopen 函数将创建与文件的连接。我之所以说“创建连接”,是因为除了打开文件之外,fopen 还可以打开一个 URL:

$fh = fopen("http://127.0.0.1/", "r");

    这行代码将创建一个与以上页面的连接,并允许您开始像读取一个本地文件一样读取它。

    注: fopen 中使用的 “r” 将指示文件以只读方式打开。由于将数据写入文件不在本文的讨论范围内,因此我将不列出所有其他选项。但是,如果是从二进制文件读取以获得跨平台兼容性,则应当将 “r” 更改为 “rb”。稍后您将看到这样的示例。

    feof

    feof 命令将检测您是否已经读到文件的末尾并返回 True 或 False。清单 1 中的循环将继续执行,直至您达到文件“myfile”的末尾。注:如果读取的是 URL 并且套接字由于不再有任何数据可以读取而超时,则 feof 也将返回 False。

    fclose

    向前跳至清单 1 的末尾,fclose 将实现与 fopen 相反的功能:它将关闭指向文件或 URL 的连接。执行此函数后,您将不再能够从文件或套接字中读取任何信息。

    fgets

    在清单 1 中回跳几行,您就到达了文件处理的核心:实际读取文件。fgets 函数是处理第一个示例的首选武器。它将从文件中提取一行数据并将其作为字符串返回。在那之后,您可以打印或者以别的方式处理数据。清单 1 中的示例将精细地打印整个文件。

    如果决定限制处理数据块的大小,您可以将一个参数添加到 fgets 中限制最大行长度。例如,使用以下代码将行长度限制为 80 个字符:

$string = fgets($file_handle, 81);

    回想 C 中的“”字符串末尾终止符,将长度设为比实际所需值大一的数字。因而,如果需要 80 个字符,则以上示例使用 81。应养成以下习惯:只要对此函数使用行限制,就添加该额外字符。

    fread

    fgets 函数是多个文件读取函数中惟一一个可用的。它是一个更常用的函数,因为逐行解析通常会有意义。事实上,几个其他函数也可以提供类似功能。但是,您并非总是需要逐行解析。

    这时就需要使用 fread。
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