PHP的其他功能
5. 其他杂项
5.1 生成图像
PHP可以操作处理图像。假如你已经安装了GD库,你甚至可以利用PHP生成图像。
Header("Content-type: image/gif");
$string=implode($argv," ");
$im = imagecreatefromgif("images/button1.gif");
$orange = ImageColorAllocate($im, 220, 210, 60);
$px = (imagesx($im)-7.5*strlen($string))/2;
ImageString($im,3,$px,9,$string,$orange);
ImageGif($im);
ImageDestroy($im);
?>
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的图像处理函数部分)
这段代码在其他页面中通过以下标记调用,然后以上的那段button.php3代码取得text值并在另外取得的图像文件中加上该值--在以上的代码中该图像文件是images/button1.gif--最后输出到浏览器。假如你想在表单域中使用图像按钮,但是又不希望在每次按钮上的文字改变后不得不重新生成新的图像,就可以利用这样简单的方法动态生成图像文件。
5.2 Cookies
PHP支持基于HTTP的cookies。在需要时你可以像使用一般变量一样方便的使用cookie。Cookies是浏览器保存于客户端的一些信息片段,由此你可以知道是否一台特定PC上的任何人都访问过你的站点,浏览者者在你的站点上的踪迹等等。使用cookies的典型例子就是对浏览者偏好的甄别。Cookies由函数setcookie()设定。与输出HTTP标头的函数header()一样,setcookie()必须在任何实际内容杯输出到浏览器之前调用。以下是一个简单例子:
if (empty($VisitedBefore))
{
// 假如没有设定cookie,为cookie赋上当前时间值
// 函数中的最后一个参数声明了该cookie保存的时间
// 在这个例子中是1年
// time()函数返回自1970年1月1日以来的以秒数计的时间
SetCookie("VisitedBefore",time(), time() (60*60*24*365));
}
else
{
// 欢迎浏览者再次光临
echo "Hello there, welcome back
";
// 读取cookie并判定
if ( (time() - $VisitedBefore) >= "(60*60*24*7)" )
echo "Why did you take a week to come back. You should be here more often!? ";
}
?>
5.3 基于HTTP验证
基于HTTP验证当PHP以CGI模式运行时不能实现。我们可以使用函数header()发送HTTP标头强制验证,客户端浏览器则弹出供输入用户名和密码的对话框。这两个变量被储存在$PHP_AUTH_USER和$PHP_AUTH_PW中,你可以使用这两个变量验证合法并答应进入。以下的例子通过用户名称/密码对为tnc/nature的验证一名用户的登录:
if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER))
{
Header("WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Realm"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
echo "Text to send if user hits Cancel button ";
exit;
}
else
{
if ( !($PHP_AUTH_USER=="tnc" && $PHP_AUTH_PW=="nature") )
{
// 假如是错误的用户名称/密码对,强制再验证
Header("WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Realm"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
echo "ERROR : $PHP_AUTH_USER/$PHP_AUTH_PW is invalid.";
exit;
}
else
{
echo "Welcome tnc!";
}
?>
事实上再实际引用中不大可能如上面使用代码段明显的用户名称/密码对,而是利用数据库或者加密的密码文件存取它们。
5.4 文件上传
你可以利用PHP实现文件的功能,注重客户端的浏览器应该是Netscape3以上或者IE3以上。以下就是该功能的简单演示:
( upload.html ):
ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data" METHOD=POST>
NAME="MAX_FILE_SIZE" VALUE="2000000">
NAME="uploadfile" SIZE="24" MAXLENGTH="80">
NAME="sendit">
NAME="cancelit">
(You may notice a slight
delay while we upload your file.)
下面是处理上传的文件:
( receiver.php3 ):
function do_upload ()
{
global $uploadfile, $uploadfile_size;
global $local_file, $error_msg;
if ( $uploadfile == "none" )
{
$error_msg = "You did not specify a file for uploading.";
return;
}
if ( $uploadfile_size > 2000000 )
{
$error_msg = "Sorry, your file is too large.";
return;
}
$the_time = time ();
// 你需要对以下目录有写权限
$upload_dir = "/local/uploads";
$local_file = "$upload_dir/$the_time";
if ( file_exists ( '$local_file' ) )
{
$seq = 1;
while ( file_exists ( "$upload_dir/$the_time$seq" ) ) { $seq ; }
$local_file = "$upload_dir/$the_time$seq";
};
rename ( $uploadfile, $local_file );
display_page ();
}
function display_page ()
{
// 这里是你的页面内容
}
if ( $error_msg ) { echo "$error_msg
"; }
if ( $sendit )
{
do_upload ();
}
elseif ( $cancelit )
{
header ( "Location: $some_other_script" );
exit;
}
else
{
some_other_func ();
}
?>
5.5 常用函数
我们简单来看看一些常用的函数。
数组
array - 生成数组
count - 数组元素个数
sort - 数组排序,另有其他几种排序函数可供使用

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