使用Nginx+uWsgi实现Python的Django框架站点动静分离
由于：
Django处理静态文件不太友好；
以后有可能需要处理php或者其他资源的请求；
所以考虑结合nginx，使用nignx做它擅长的路由分发功能；同时做动静分离，即Http请求统一由Nginx进行分发，静态文件由Nginx处理，并返回给客户端；而动态的请求，则分发到uWsgi，由uWsgi再分发给Django进行处理。即客户端 nginx socket uwsgi Django
一、环境
系统：centOS 6
- python: 2.7（注意：Django要在2.7版本或以上的python来 ）
- nginx
- uswgi
所以，安装前，先在控制台输入python —version查看当前python的默认版本，如果在2.7以下，则修改默认版本。（详见附录）
二、安装nginx、uWsgi
安装
nginxsudo yum install nginx
安装
pipsudo yum install python-pip
安装
uWsgisudo pip uwsgi
三、测试nginx、uWsgi
1. 测试nginx启动测试nginx，看是否安装成功启动 sudo service nginx start然后在浏览器中，输入ip地址，看是否出现nginx的欢迎页面，出现则说明安装成功
2. 测试uWsgi在服务器上做任意目录下（一般在home下的某一目录），新建test.py，如下：
# test.pydef
application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return "Hello World"
启动以Http方式访问的uWsgi，在test.py同一目录下，输入如下命令行（8001是监听的端口，可以改成你想要的端口）
uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
然后在浏览器中，输入ip地址:8001，看是否响应hello world，是则说明安装成功
P.S. 由于开始时，uwsgi的安装使用了错误的python版本，所以在我的服务器上，uwsgi正确地可执行命令暂时是：/usr/src/download/uwsgi-2.0.10/uwsgi即完整的命令行是（本文所有的uwsgi命令同此）：/usr/src/download/uwsgi-2.0.10/uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
--http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py至此，uwsgi和nginx安装成功。接下来把nginx、uwsgi、django关联起来。在它们的协作之下，达到我们想要的目标。
四、连接Django和uWsgi
如上uWsgi的测试那样，uWsgi监听8001端口，并把请求分发给test.py，python会执行这个文件，如果我们把test.py分给Django的入口文件，那么就实现了Django和uWsgi的连接。所以，要做的事情有两步：
在项目目录下创建wsgi.py文件
启动uWsgi，使用它的wsgi-file指向wsgi.py
wsgi.py内容如下：
"""
WSGI config for WHPAIWechat project.
It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""
import osfrom django.core.wsgi import
get_wsgi_applicationos.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "WHPAIWechat.settings")
application = get_wsgi_application()
启动以Http方式访问uWsgiuwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /home/jiayandev/WHPAIWechat/ --wsgi-file WHPAIWechat/wsgi.py
浏览器访问 ip地址:8000，加上必要的路由，即可访问之前写好的python程序：例如[http://112.74.73.31:8000/wechat/call]
P.S. 你是否关注到，启动uwsgi即可，而无需再启动Django了？
五、连接uWsgi和nginx
接下来，打通 uWsgi和 nginx之间的连接，它们是通过socket来连接的。第四节所讲的链接 swgi和Django，我们用浏览器访问是能得到正确的响应的，说明连接成功。那么只要在nginx上，实现某些规则下，把前端的请求转发到此端口即可。要做的事情非常简单，即配置nginx的配置文件即可，一般在 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中。这里，我只设置几条简单的规则
url包含.css、.js等服务器特定目录，设置根目录
以上都不匹配的的访问分发到uwsgi上的， nginx转发给uswgi处理
更多规则可以视业务情况而定，完整的配置如下：
upstream django {
server 127.0.0.1:8000; # 注意8000是上述uwsgi监听的端口
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location ~ \.html$ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html/front;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.(png|jpg|jpeg|css|img|js|flv|swf|download|eot|svg|ttf|woff|woff2|otf)$ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html/front;
}
# 以上都不匹配的的访问分发到uwsgi上
location / {
include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; #详细看下文
uwsgi_pass django;
}
* # PHP分到 9000端口**
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}*
}
同时，uswgi_param内容如下，照抄即可
uwsgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; uwsgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; uwsgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; uwsgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; uwsgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; uwsgi_param PATH_INFO $document_uri; uwsgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; uwsgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; uwsgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; uwsgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; uwsgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; uwsgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
配置完成后，重启或者reload nginx配置即可生效
重启：
sudo service nginx restart
reload:
sudo service nginx reload
然后直接访问，看看有什么不一样:
http://youIP/front/index.html
http://youIP/statics/index.html
http://youIP/(加上路由信息)，例如 http://112.74.73.31/wechat/call
我们这里主要先关注访问django，如果http://112.74.73.31/wechat/call返回的信息跟第四节的一样，说明nginx和uwsgi也连接起来了，至此，nginx、uwsgi、django顺利连接完成。
六、优化uwsgi的启动
第三节、第四节介绍的启动uwsgi服务时，我们都是使用命令行的方式启动和设置参数的，这样不好记，有可能会忘记参数 等等。这里介绍另一种设置参数的方式，即用配置文件记录uwsgi的参数，启动时，从配置文件里加载参数。参数如下
#WHPAIWechat_uwsgi.ini[uwsgi] socket = 127.0.0.1:8000 chdir = /home/jiayandev/WHPAIWechat/ wsgi-file = WHPAIWechat/wsgi.py processes = 4 threads = 2 master=True #设置此参数，有一个主进程 pidfile= pidfile/project-master.pid #主进程id写入文件里 vacuum=True #退出时，清理环境 daemonize = uwsgi.log #守护进程的方式运行，log日志存在此log文件里
启动uwsgi命令变成uwsgi WHPAIWechat_uwsgi.ini
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
1377
52
Do mysql need to pay
Apr 08, 2025 pm 05:36 PM
MySQL has a free community version and a paid enterprise version. The community version can be used and modified for free, but the support is limited and is suitable for applications with low stability requirements and strong technical capabilities. The Enterprise Edition provides comprehensive commercial support for applications that require a stable, reliable, high-performance database and willing to pay for support. Factors considered when choosing a version include application criticality, budgeting, and technical skills. There is no perfect option, only the most suitable option, and you need to choose carefully according to the specific situation.
How to optimize MySQL performance for high-load applications?
Apr 08, 2025 pm 06:03 PM
MySQL database performance optimization guide In resource-intensive applications, MySQL database plays a crucial role and is responsible for managing massive transactions. However, as the scale of application expands, database performance bottlenecks often become a constraint. This article will explore a series of effective MySQL performance optimization strategies to ensure that your application remains efficient and responsive under high loads. We will combine actual cases to explain in-depth key technologies such as indexing, query optimization, database design and caching. 1. Database architecture design and optimized database architecture is the cornerstone of MySQL performance optimization. Here are some core principles: Selecting the right data type and selecting the smallest data type that meets the needs can not only save storage space, but also improve data processing speed.
HadiDB: A lightweight, horizontally scalable database in Python
Apr 08, 2025 pm 06:12 PM
HadiDB: A lightweight, high-level scalable Python database HadiDB (hadidb) is a lightweight database written in Python, with a high level of scalability. Install HadiDB using pip installation: pipinstallhadidb User Management Create user: createuser() method to create a new user. The authentication() method authenticates the user's identity. fromhadidb.operationimportuseruser_obj=user("admin","admin")user_obj.
Navicat's method to view MongoDB database password
Apr 08, 2025 pm 09:39 PM
It is impossible to view MongoDB password directly through Navicat because it is stored as hash values. How to retrieve lost passwords: 1. Reset passwords; 2. Check configuration files (may contain hash values); 3. Check codes (may hardcode passwords).
Can mysql connect to the sql server
Apr 08, 2025 pm 05:54 PM
No, MySQL cannot connect directly to SQL Server. But you can use the following methods to implement data interaction: Use middleware: Export data from MySQL to intermediate format, and then import it to SQL Server through middleware. Using Database Linker: Business tools provide a more friendly interface and advanced features, essentially still implemented through middleware.
Can mysql database store images?
Apr 08, 2025 pm 05:27 PM
Storing images in a MySQL database is feasible, but not best practice. MySQL uses the BLOB type when storing images, but it can cause database volume swell, query speed and complex backups. A better solution is to store images on a file system and store only image paths in the database to optimize query performance and database volume.
How secure is Navicat's password?
Apr 08, 2025 pm 09:24 PM
Navicat's password security relies on the combination of symmetric encryption, password strength and security measures. Specific measures include: using SSL connections (provided that the database server supports and correctly configures the certificate), regularly updating Navicat, using more secure methods (such as SSH tunnels), restricting access rights, and most importantly, never record passwords.
How to use AWS Glue crawler with Amazon Athena
Apr 09, 2025 pm 03:09 PM
As a data professional, you need to process large amounts of data from various sources. This can pose challenges to data management and analysis. Fortunately, two AWS services can help: AWS Glue and Amazon Athena.
