教大家使用Python SqlAlchemy
本文实例解析Python SqlAlchemy的使用方法，分享给大家供大家参考，具体内容如下
1.初始化连接
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
engine = create_engine('mysql://pass@localhost/test'echo=True)
DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = DBSession()
ret=session.execute('desc user')
print ret
# print ret.fetchall()
print ret.first()
mysql://root:pass/test
root是用户名 pass密码 test数据库
session相当于MySQLdb里面的游标
first 相当于fetchone
echo=True 会输出所有的sql
2.创建表
from sqlalchemy import Column
from sqlalchemy.types import *
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
BaseModel = declarative_base()
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
engine = create_engine('mysql://root:Hs2BitqLYKoruZJbT8SV@localhost/test')
DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
class User(BaseModel):
__tablename__ = 'user1' # 表名
user_name = Column(CHAR(30), primary_key=True)
pwd = Column(VARCHAR(20), default='aaa', nullable=False)
age = Column(SMALLINT(), server_default='12')
accout = Column(INT())
birthday = Column(TIMESTAMP())
article = Column(TEXT())
height = Column(FLOAT())
def init_db():
'''
初始化数据库
:return:
'''
BaseModel.metadata.create_all(engine)
def drop_db():
'''
删除所有数据表
:return:
'''
BaseModel.metadata.drop_all(engine)
drop_db()
init_db()
和django的 ORM一样 一旦表被创建了，修改User类不能改变数据库结构，只能用sql语句或删除表再创建来修改数据库结构
sqlalchemy.types里面有所有的数据字段类型，等于sql类型的大写
default参数是插入数据的时候，sqlalchemy自己处理的，server_default才是让mysql处理的
3.添加记录
user1=User(user_name='lujianxing',accout=1245678) session.add(user1) session.commit()
要commit才能起作用
4.更新记录
1）.更新单条记录
query = session.query(User)
user = query.get('lujianxing11')
print user.accout
user.accout='987'
session.flush()
2）.更新多条记录
query = session.query(User)
query.filter(User.user_name=='lujianxing2').update({User.age: '15'})
query.filter(User.user_name=='lujianxing2').update({'age': '16'})
query.filter(User.pwd=='aaa').update({'age': '17'})
5.删除记录
query = session.query(User)
user = query.get('lujianxing11')
session.delete(user)
session.flush()
6.查询
query = session.query(User) print query # 只显示sql语句，不会执行查询 print query[0] # 执行查询 print query.all() # 执行查询 print query.first() # 执行查询 for user in query: # 执行查询 print user.user_name
如果字段的类型是数字型，查询出来的type也是数字型的，不是字符串
高级一点的查询：
# 筛选
user = query.get(1) # 根据主键获取
print query.filter(User.user_name == 2) # 只显示sql语句，不会执行查询
print query.filter(User.user_name == 'lujianxing').all() # 执行查询
print query.filter(User.user_name == 'lujianxing', User.accout == 1245678, User.age > 10).all() # 执行查询
print query.filter(User.user_name == 'lujianxing').filter(User.accout == 1245678).all()
print query.filter("user_name = 'lujianxing'").all() # 执行查询
print query.filter("user_name = 'lujianxing' and accout=1245678").all() # 执行查询
query2 = session.query(User.user_name) # 返回的结果不是User的实例，而是元组
print query2.all() # 执行查询
print query2.offset(1).limit(1).all() # 等于 limit 1,1
# 排序
print query2.order_by(User.user_name).all()
print query2.order_by('user_name').all()
print query2.order_by(User.user_name.desc()).all()
print query2.order_by(User.user_name, User.accout.desc()).all()
print query2.filter("user_name = 'lujianxing' and accout=1245678").count()
# 聚合查询
print session.query(func.count('*')).select_from(User).scalar()
print session.query(func.count('1')).select_from(User).scalar()
print session.query(func.count(User.id)).scalar()
print session.query(func.count('*')).filter(User.id > 0).scalar() # filter() 中包含 User，因此不需要指定表
print session.query(func.count('*')).filter(User.name == 'a').limit(1).scalar() == 1 # 可以用 limit() 限制 count() 的返回数
print session.query(func.sum(User.id)).scalar()
print session.query(func.now()).scalar() # func 后可以跟任意函数名，只要该数据库支持
print session.query(func.current_timestamp()).scalar()
print session.query(func.md5(User.name)).filter(User.id == 1).scalar()
以上就是关于Python SqlAlchemy的使用方法介绍，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
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