python文件与目录操作实例详解
本文实例分析了python文件与目录操作的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
关于python文件操作的详细说明,大家可以参考前一篇《python文件操作相关知识点总结整理》
官方API:os-Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
下面是demo示例:
import re import os import time #图片文件路径 image_path = 'E:\\test\\20130627_140132Hongten.jpg' #文件夹路径 dir_path = 'E:\\test\\hongten' #文件路径 file_abs_path = 'E:\\test\\hongten.txt' #得到当前工作空间目录 def getcwd(): return os.getcwd() #获取指定文件夹下面的所有文件及文件夹 #如果指定的文件夹不存在,则返回相应的提示信息 def listdir(dir_path): if os.path.exists(dir_path): return os.listdir(dir_path) else: return '目录'+ dir_path + '不存在' def isfile(file_path): if os.path.exists(file_path): return os.path.isfile(file_path) else: return '文件'+ dir_path + '不存在' if __name__ == '__main__': print('当前的工作空间是:{0}'.format(getcwd())) print('当前的工作空间下的文件及目录:',listdir(getcwd())) print('#' * 40) print(listdir('c:\\test')) print('#' * 40) print(isfile(image_path)) print('#' * 40) array = os.path.split(image_path) print(array) #文件全名:20130627_140132Hongten.jpg file_full_name = array[1] name = os.path.splitext(file_full_name) #文件名:20130627_140132Hongten file_name = name[0] #文件后缀:.jpg file_ext = name[1] print('文件全名:{0},文件名:{1},文件后缀:{2}'.format(file_full_name,file_name,file_ext)) print('#' * 40) #创建空文件夹 #os.mkdir('E:\\mydir') #创建多级目录 #os.makedirs(r'E:\\bb\\cc') print('#' * 40) #打开一个文件 fp = open(file_abs_path,'w+') #print('读取文件:{0}的第一行:{1}'.format(file_abs_path,fp.readline())) #把文件每一行作为一个list的一个成员,并返回这个list。其实它的内部是通过循环调用readline()来实现的。 #如果提供size参数,size是表示读取内容的总长,也就是说可能只读到文件的一部分。 #print('读取文件:{0}所有内容:{1}'.format(file_abs_path,fp.readlines())) content = 'this is a test message!!\ngood boy!\ngogo......\nhello,I\'m Hongten\nwelcome to my space!' fp.write(content) fp.flush() fp.close() fp = open(file_abs_path,'r+') print('读取文件:{0}所有内容:{1}'.format(file_abs_path,fp.readlines()))
运行效果:
Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> 当前的工作空间是:D:\Python33\workspace 当前的工作空间下的文件及目录: ['rename.py', 'test_annotation.py', 'test_class.py', 'test_exception.py', 'test_exit.py', 'test_file.py', 'test_getA.py', 'test_hello.py', 'test_import.py', 'test_input.py', 'test_loops.py', 'test_myclass.py', 'test_os.py', 'test_range.py', 'test_str.py', 'test_string.py', 'test_while.py', 'test_with.py'] ######################################## 目录c:\test不存在 ######################################## True ######################################## ('E:\\test', '20130627_140132Hongten.jpg') 文件全名:20130627_140132Hongten.jpg,文件名:20130627_140132Hongten,文件后缀:.jpg ######################################## ######################################## 读取文件:E:\test\hongten.txt所有内容:['this is a test message!!\n', 'good boy!\n', 'gogo......\n', "hello,I'm Hongten\n", 'welcome to my space!'] >>>
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。

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