举例讲解Python设计模式编程的代理模式与抽象工厂模式
代理模式
Proxy模式是一种常用的设计模式,它主要用来通过一个对象(比如B)给一个对象(比如A) 提供'代理'的方式方式访问。比如一个对象不方便直接引用,代理就在这个对象和访问者之间做了中介
你先设想:一个对象提供rgb三种颜色值,我想获得一个对象的rgb三种颜色,但是我不想让你获得蓝色属性,怎么办?
class Proxy(object): def __init__(self, subject): self.__subject = subject # 代理其实本质上就是属性的委托 def __getattr__(self, name): return getattr(self.__subject, name) class RGB: def __init__(self, red, green, blue): self.__red = red self.__green = green self.__blue = blue def Red(self): return self.__red def Green(self): return self.__green def Blue(self): return self.__blue class NoBlueProxy(Proxy): # 我在这个子代理类拦截了blue的访问,这样就不会返回被代理的类的Blue属性 def Blue(self): return 0 if __name__ == '__main__': rgb = RGB(100, 192, 240) print rgb.Red() proxy = Proxy(rgb) print proxy.Green() noblue = NoBlueProxy(rgb) print noblue.Green() print noblue.Blue()
抽象工厂模式
和简单工厂/工厂方法不同,抽象工厂可能最好理解,举个例子:
比如2个动物,猫和狗,他们都有speak和eat的function,但是很明显他们执行的结果是不同的 有个'工厂'(抽象工厂里面一个类型就是一个工厂,这点和其他模式的不同)专门帮助我们找到对应的动物做正确的操作 有个类/函数可以通过参数帮助我们找到上面的这个工厂 这就是抽象工厂
from abc import ABCMeta class StandardFactory(object): '''这就是那个抽象工厂''' @staticmethod def get_factory(factory): '''根据参数找到对实际操作的工厂''' if factory == 'cat': return CatFactory() elif factory == 'dog': return DogFactory() raise TypeError('Unknown Factory.') 这里帮助dog这个产品类找到应该的属性的工厂 class DogFactory(object): def get_pet(self): return Dog(); class CatFactory(object): # 注意这个方法和上面的名字一样,但是返回的类不同,这就是工厂的作用 def get_pet(self): return Cat(); # 可以认为dog和cat都是动物的一种,可以有个基类 class Pet(object): # ABCMeta会让这个类在注册后添加很多基础抽象基类,可以看[ABCMeta](http://docs.python.org/2/library/abc.html#abc.ABCMeta) __metaclass__ = ABCMeta def eat(self): pass # Dog应该做什么就是这里 class Dog(Pet): def eat(self): return 'Dog food...' class Cat(Pet): # 这里的eat依然是同名,她们都是同样的操作,只是返回不同 def eat(self): return 'Cat food...' if __name__ =="__main__": factory = StandardFactory.get_factory('cat') pet = factory.get_pet() print pet.eat() # 注意这里,你只需要修改抽象工厂传入的那个参数,其他什么都不用改 factory = StandardFactory.get_factory('dog') pet = factory.get_pet() print pet.eat()

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