Python编程中time模块的一些关键用法解析
python中time模块其实不难,就是关系转换有点老记不住,先看下图可以说明几个时间对象的的关系.供参考理解.
- 黑色细箭头表示输入值,参数
- 深黄色的粗箭头表示返回值,输出格式
- 绿色圆圈表示各类对象
- 蓝色方框表示具体的方法 (先import time,在使用time模块中的方法)
time.time():获取当前时间的时间戳
time.localtime():接受一个时间戳，并把它转化为一个当前时间的元组。不给参数的话就会默认将time.time()作为参数传入，localtime返回tuple格式的时间，有一个和它类似的函数叫gmtime(),2个函数的差别是时区，下面会说到。
>>> time.ctime()
'Wed Jan 18 19:54:12 2016'
>>> time.localtime()
(2016, 1, 18, 19, 54, 19, 2, 100, 1) 年,月,日,时,分,秒,周,年中的第几日,时区标识.
>>> time.gmtime()
(2016, 1, 18, 23, 54, 25, 2, 100, 0)
- time.mktime():和time.localtime()相反，它把一个时间元组转换成时间戳（这个必须要给一个参数）。
- time.asctime():把一个时间元组表示为：“Sun Jul 28 03:35:26 2013”这种格式，不给参数的话就会默认将time.localtime()作为参数传入。
- time.ctime():把一个时间戳转换为time.asctime()的表达格式，不给参数的话就会默认将time.time()作为参数传入。
- time.gmtime():将一个时间戳转换为UTC+0时区（中国应该是+8时区，相差8个小时）的时间元组，不给参数的话就会默认将time.time()作为参数传入。gmtime()返回的是0时区的值，localtime返回的是当前时区的值。
- time.strftime(format,time.localtime()):将一个时间元组转换为格式化的时间字符,不给时间元组参数的话就会默认将time.localtime()作为参数传入。
例如web日志里面的时间格式就是time.strftime('%d/%b/%Y:%X')
返回结果：
Sun Jul 28 04:37:38 2013
format：
time.strptime(stringtime,format):将时间字符串根据指定的格式化符转换成数组形式的时间,
例如：time.strptime('28/Jul/2013:04:33:29', '%d/%b/%Y:%X')
返回结果：
time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=4, tm_min=33, tm_sec=29, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=209, tm_isdst=-1)
time.clock():返回处理器时钟时间,一般用于性能测试和基准测试等，因为他们反映了程序使用的实际时间，平常用不到这个。
time.sleep():推迟指定的时间运行，单位为秒。
import time
print time.time() #打印时间戳
print time.localtime()#打印本地时间元组
print time.gmtime()#答应UTC+0时区的时间元组
print time.ctime()#打印asctime格式化时间
print time.mktime(time.localtime())#将时间元组转换为时间戳
print time.asctime()#打印格式化时间
print time.strftime('%d/%b/%Y:%X')#打印指定格式的时间格式
#把时间字符串和它的格式翻译成时间元组
print time.strptime('28/Jul/2013:04:33:29', '%d/%b/%Y:%X')
print '%0.5f'%time.clock() #打印处理器时间
for i in range(100000):
pass
print '%0.5f'%time.clock()#打印处理器时间
######运行结果######
[root@localhost ~]# python time1.py
1364028568.55 time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=4, tm_min=49, tm_sec=28, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=82, tm_isdst=1) time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=8, tm_min=49, tm_sec=28, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=82, tm_isdst=0) Sat Mar 23 04:49:28 2013 1364028568.0 Sat Mar 23 04:49:28 2013 23/Mar/2013:04:49:28 time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=4, tm_min=33, tm_sec=29, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=209, tm_isdst=-1) 0.02000 0.03000
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