Python时间模块datetime、time、calendar的使用方法
本文简单总结了一下Python处理时间和日期方面的模块，主要就是datetime、time、calendar三个模块的使用，希望这篇文章对于学习Python的朋友们有所帮助。
首先就是模块的调用，很多IDE都已经安装好了很多Python经常使用到的模块，所以我们暂时不需要安装模块了。
import datetime import time import calendar
1.获取到此时的准确时间
# 获取此时的时间 print time.localtime()
//输出格式为： time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=29, tm_hour=1, tm_min=10, tm_sec=25, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=363, tm_isdst=0)
2.获取当天的日期
# 获取当天的日期 print datetime.datetime.now() print datetime.date.today()
3.获取昨天的日期
# 获取昨天的日期 def getYesterday(): today = datetime.date.today() oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1) yesterday = today - oneday print type(today) # 查看获取到时间的类型 print type(yesterday) return yesterday yesterday = getYesterday() print "昨天的时间：", yesterday
4.获取n天以前的日期
这个应该就不用给出代码了吧，稍微想想就可以得出结果了。
5.字符串转换为时间和日期
# 字符串转换为时间
def strTodatetime(datestr, format):
return datetime.datetime.strptime(datestr, format)
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
print strTodatetime("2014-3-1","%Y-%m-%d")
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
print strTodatetime("2005-2-16","%Y-%m-%d")-strTodatetime("2004-12-31","%Y-%m-%d")
输出结果：
2015-12-29
2014-03-01 00:00:00
2015-12-29 01:10:25
47 days, 0:00:00
6.获取日历相关信息
# 获取某个月的日历，返回字符串类型 cal = calendar.month(2015, 12) print cal calendar.setfirstweekday(calendar.SUNDAY) # 设置日历的第一天 cal = calendar.month(2015, 12) print cal # 获取一年的日历 cal = calendar.calendar(2015) print cal cal = calendar.HTMLCalendar(calendar.MONDAY) print cal.formatmonth(2015, 12)
7.calendar模块还可以处理闰年的问题
# 判断是否闰年、两个年份之间闰年的个数 print calendar.isleap(2012) print calendar.leapdays(2010, 2015)
针对Python时间模块datetime\time进行详细探讨。
转义符对应意义如下
- %a 本地简化星期名称
- %A 本地完整星期名称
- %b 本地简化的月份名称
- %B 本地完整的月份名称
- %c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示
- %d 月内中的一天（0-31）
- %H 24小时制小时数（0-23）
- %I 12小时制小时数（01-12）
- %j 年内的一天（001-366）
- %m 月份（01-12）
- %M 分钟数（00=59）
- %p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符
- %S 秒（00-59）
- %U 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期天为星期的开始
- %w 星期（0-6），星期天为星期的开始
- %W 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期一为星期的开始
- %x 本地相应的日期表示
- %X 本地相应的时间表示
- %y 两位数的年份表示（00-99）
- %Y 四位数的年份表示（000-9999）
- %Z 当前时区的名称
- %% %号本身
代码：
import time
import datetime
#两日期相减
d1 = datetime.datetime(2005, 2, 16)
d2 = datetime.datetime(2004, 12, 31)
print (d1 - d2).days
#运行时间：
starttime = datetime.datetime.now()
endtime = datetime.datetime.now()
print (endtime - starttime).seconds
#计算当前时间向后10天的时间。
# 如果是小时 days 换成 hours
d1 = datetime.datetime.now()
d3 = d1 datetime.timedelta(days =10)
print str(d3)
print d3.ctime()
time.ctime([sec])#把秒数转换成日期格式，如果不带参数，则显示当前的时间。
>>> import time
>>> time.ctime()
>>> "Wed Jun 14 15:02:50 2006"
>>> time.ctime(1138068452427683)
"Sat Dec 14 04:51:44 1901"
>>> import time
>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X",time.localtime())
"2011-03-15 20:42:12"
>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())
"2011-03-15 20:03:47"
DateTime模块
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
datetime 将日期转化为秒
>>> import datetime,time
>>> time.mktime(datetime.datetime(2009,1,1).timetuple())
1230739200.0
>>> cc=[2000,11,3,12,43,33] #Attributes: year, month, day, hour, minute, second
>>> time.mktime(datetime.datetime(cc[0],cc[1],cc[2],cc[3],cc[4],cc[5]).timetuple())
973226613.0
time.time()取得当前时间；
time.localtime()取得本地时间；
time.strftime()格式化日期；
time.strptime(timeString)把字符串转化为日期；
判断输入的日期是星期几
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,15).weekday()
1
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,15).weekday()
1
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,16).weekday()
2
>>> datetime.datetime(2011,02,17).weekday()
3
>>>
datetime模块获取当前时间
>>> datetime.datetime.utcnow()
datetime.datetime(2011, 3, 15, 13, 19, 32, 264194)
>>> datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") 格式化
'2011-03-15 13:19:27'
>>>
以上就是关于Python时间模块的详细学习，希望对大家学习Python程序设计有所帮助。
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
Is the conversion speed fast when converting XML to PDF on mobile phone?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 10:09 PM
The speed of mobile XML to PDF depends on the following factors: the complexity of XML structure. Mobile hardware configuration conversion method (library, algorithm) code quality optimization methods (select efficient libraries, optimize algorithms, cache data, and utilize multi-threading). Overall, there is no absolute answer and it needs to be optimized according to the specific situation.
How to control the size of XML converted to images?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 07:24 PM
To generate images through XML, you need to use graph libraries (such as Pillow and JFreeChart) as bridges to generate images based on metadata (size, color) in XML. The key to controlling the size of the image is to adjust the values of the <width> and <height> tags in XML. However, in practical applications, the complexity of XML structure, the fineness of graph drawing, the speed of image generation and memory consumption, and the selection of image formats all have an impact on the generated image size. Therefore, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of XML structure, proficient in the graphics library, and consider factors such as optimization algorithms and image format selection.
Is there any mobile app that can convert XML into PDF?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 08:54 PM
An application that converts XML directly to PDF cannot be found because they are two fundamentally different formats. XML is used to store data, while PDF is used to display documents. To complete the transformation, you can use programming languages and libraries such as Python and ReportLab to parse XML data and generate PDF documents.
Recommended XML formatting tool
Apr 02, 2025 pm 09:03 PM
XML formatting tools can type code according to rules to improve readability and understanding. When selecting a tool, pay attention to customization capabilities, handling of special circumstances, performance and ease of use. Commonly used tool types include online tools, IDE plug-ins, and command-line tools.
What is the function of C language sum?
Apr 03, 2025 pm 02:21 PM
There is no built-in sum function in C language, so it needs to be written by yourself. Sum can be achieved by traversing the array and accumulating elements: Loop version: Sum is calculated using for loop and array length. Pointer version: Use pointers to point to array elements, and efficient summing is achieved through self-increment pointers. Dynamically allocate array version: Dynamically allocate arrays and manage memory yourself, ensuring that allocated memory is freed to prevent memory leaks.
How to open xml format
Apr 02, 2025 pm 09:00 PM
Use most text editors to open XML files; if you need a more intuitive tree display, you can use an XML editor, such as Oxygen XML Editor or XMLSpy; if you process XML data in a program, you need to use a programming language (such as Python) and XML libraries (such as xml.etree.ElementTree) to parse.
Is there a mobile app that can convert XML into PDF?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 09:45 PM
There is no APP that can convert all XML files into PDFs because the XML structure is flexible and diverse. The core of XML to PDF is to convert the data structure into a page layout, which requires parsing XML and generating PDF. Common methods include parsing XML using Python libraries such as ElementTree and generating PDFs using ReportLab library. For complex XML, it may be necessary to use XSLT transformation structures. When optimizing performance, consider using multithreaded or multiprocesses and select the appropriate library.
How to convert XML files to PDF on your phone?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 10:12 PM
It is impossible to complete XML to PDF conversion directly on your phone with a single application. It is necessary to use cloud services, which can be achieved through two steps: 1. Convert XML to PDF in the cloud, 2. Access or download the converted PDF file on the mobile phone.
