Python的Flask开发框架简单上手笔记
最简单的hello world
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return 'hello world'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
#app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=8000)
之后，访问http://localhost:5000
支持post/get提交
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
多个url指向
@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
不管post/get使用统一的接收
from flask import request
args = request.args if request.method == 'GET' else request.form
a = args.get('a', 'default')
处理json请求
request的header中
"Content-Type": "application/json"
处理时:
data = request.get_json(silent=False)
获取post提交中的checkbox
{%for page in pages %}
<tr><td><input type=checkbox name=do_delete value="{{ page['id'] }}"></td><td>
{%endfor%}
page_ids = request.form.getlist("do_delete")
使用url中的参数
@app.route('/query/<qid>/')
def query(qid):
pass
在request开始结束dosomething
一般可以处理数据库连接等等
from flask import g app = ..... @app.before_request def before_request(): g.session = create_session() @app.teardown_request def teardown_request(exception): g.session.close()
注册Jinja2模板中使用的过滤器
@app.template_filter('reverse')
def reverse_filter(s):
return s[::-1]
或者
def reverse_filter(s): return s[::-1] app.jinja_env.filters['reverse'] = reverse_filter
可以这么用
def a():...
def b():...
FIL = {'a': a, 'b':b}
app.jinja_env.filters.update(FIL)
注册Jinja2模板中使用的全局变量
JINJA2_GLOBALS = {'MEDIA_PREFIX': '/media/'}
app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS)
定义应用使用的template和static目录
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER, static_folder = settings.STATIC_PATH)
使用Blueprint
from flask import Blueprint
bp_test = Blueprint('test', __name__)
#bp_test = Blueprint('test', __name__, url_prefix='/abc')
@bp_test.route('/')
--------
from xxx import bp_test
app = Flask(__name__)
app.register_blueprint(bp_test)
实例:
bp_video = Blueprint('video', __name__, url_prefix='/kw_news/video')
@bp_video.route('/search/category/', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
#注意这种情况下Blueprint中url_prefix不能以 '/' 结尾, 否则404
使用session
包装cookie实现的，没有session id
app.secret_key = 'PS#yio`%_!((f_or(%)))s'
然后
from flask import session
session['somekey'] = 1
session.pop('logged_in', None)
session.clear()
#过期时间,通过cookie实现的
from datetime import timedelta
session.permanent = True
app.permanent_session_lifetime = timedelta(minutes=5)
反向路由
from flask import url_for, render_template
@app.route("/")
def home():
login_uri = url_for("login", next=url_for("home"))
return render_template("home.html", **locals())
上传文件
<form action="/image/upload/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="upload" />
接收
f = request.files.get('upload')
img_data = f.read()
直接返回某个文件
return send_file(settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER + 'tweet/tweet_list.html')
请求重定向
flask.redirect(location, code=302) the redirect status code. defaults to 302.Supported codes are 301, 302, 303, 305, and 307. 300 is not supported.
@app.route('/')
def hello():
return redirect(url_for('foo'))
@app.route('/foo')
def foo():
return'Hello Foo!'
获取用户真实ip
从request.headers获取
real_ip = request.headers.get('X-Real-Ip', request.remote_addr)
或者, 使用werkzeug的middleware 文档
from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix
app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app)
return json & jsonp
import json
from flask import jsonify, Response, json
data = [] # or others
return jsonify(ok=True, data=data)
jsonp_callback = request.args.get('callback', '')
if jsonp_callback:
return Response(
"%s(%s);" % (jsonp_callback, json.dumps({'ok': True, 'data':data})),
mimetype="text/javascript"
)
return ok_jsonify(data)
配置读取方法
# create our little application :)
app = Flask(__name__)
# Load default config and override config from an environment variable
app.config.update(dict(
DATABASE='/tmp/flaskr.db',
DEBUG=True,
SECRET_KEY='development key',
USERNAME='admin',
PASSWORD='default'
))
app.config.from_envvar('FLASKR_SETTINGS', silent=True)
------------------
# configuration
DATABASE = '/tmp/minitwit.db'
PER_PAGE = 30
DEBUG = True
SECRET_KEY = 'development key'
# create our little application :)
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(__name__)
app.config.from_envvar('MINITWIT_SETTINGS', silent=True)
几个不常用的方法
from flask import abort, flash
abort
if not session.get('logged_in'):
abort(401)
flash
flash('New entry was successfully posted')
异步调用
想在flask的一个请求中处理异步, 除了使用消息系统, 可以用简单的线程处理
from threading import Thread
def async(f):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
thr = Thread(target=f, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
thr.start()
return wrapper
@async
def dosomething(call_args):
print call_args
in a request handler, call `dosomething`
error handler
@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found_error(error):
return render_template('404.html'), 404
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_error(error):
db.session.rollback()
return render_template('500.html'), 500
项目配置
1.直接
app.config['HOST']='xxx.a.com'
print app.config.get('HOST')
2.环境变量
export MyAppConfig=/path/to/settings.cfg
app.config.from_envvar('MyAppConfig')
3.对象
class Config(object):
DEBUG = False
TESTING = False
DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://:memory:'
class ProductionConfig(Config):
DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://user@localhost/foo'
app.config.from_object(ProductionConfig)
print app.config.get('DATABASE_URI') # mysql://user@localhost/foo
4.文件
# default_config.py
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 5000
DEBUG = True
app.config.from_pyfile('default_config.py')
EG. 一个create_app方法
from flask import Flask, g
def create_app(debug=settings.DEBUG):
app = Flask(__name__,
template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER,
static_folder=settings.STATIC_FOLDER)
app.register_blueprint(bp_test)
app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS)
app.jinja_env.filters.update(JINJA2_FILTERS)
app.secret_key = 'PO+_)(*&678OUIJKKO#%_!(((%)))'
@app.before_request
def before_request():
g.xxx = ... #do some thing
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request(exception):
g.xxx = ... #do some thing
return app
app = create_app(settings.DEBUG)
host=settings.SERVER_IP
port=settings.SERVER_PORT
app.run(host=host, port=port)
change log:
2013-09-09 create
2014-10-25 update
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
Is the conversion speed fast when converting XML to PDF on mobile phone?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 10:09 PM
The speed of mobile XML to PDF depends on the following factors: the complexity of XML structure. Mobile hardware configuration conversion method (library, algorithm) code quality optimization methods (select efficient libraries, optimize algorithms, cache data, and utilize multi-threading). Overall, there is no absolute answer and it needs to be optimized according to the specific situation.
Is there any mobile app that can convert XML into PDF?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 08:54 PM
An application that converts XML directly to PDF cannot be found because they are two fundamentally different formats. XML is used to store data, while PDF is used to display documents. To complete the transformation, you can use programming languages and libraries such as Python and ReportLab to parse XML data and generate PDF documents.
How to control the size of XML converted to images?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 07:24 PM
To generate images through XML, you need to use graph libraries (such as Pillow and JFreeChart) as bridges to generate images based on metadata (size, color) in XML. The key to controlling the size of the image is to adjust the values of the <width> and <height> tags in XML. However, in practical applications, the complexity of XML structure, the fineness of graph drawing, the speed of image generation and memory consumption, and the selection of image formats all have an impact on the generated image size. Therefore, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of XML structure, proficient in the graphics library, and consider factors such as optimization algorithms and image format selection.
How to convert XML files to PDF on your phone?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 10:12 PM
It is impossible to complete XML to PDF conversion directly on your phone with a single application. It is necessary to use cloud services, which can be achieved through two steps: 1. Convert XML to PDF in the cloud, 2. Access or download the converted PDF file on the mobile phone.
What is the function of C language sum?
Apr 03, 2025 pm 02:21 PM
There is no built-in sum function in C language, so it needs to be written by yourself. Sum can be achieved by traversing the array and accumulating elements: Loop version: Sum is calculated using for loop and array length. Pointer version: Use pointers to point to array elements, and efficient summing is achieved through self-increment pointers. Dynamically allocate array version: Dynamically allocate arrays and manage memory yourself, ensuring that allocated memory is freed to prevent memory leaks.
How to open xml format
Apr 02, 2025 pm 09:00 PM
Use most text editors to open XML files; if you need a more intuitive tree display, you can use an XML editor, such as Oxygen XML Editor or XMLSpy; if you process XML data in a program, you need to use a programming language (such as Python) and XML libraries (such as xml.etree.ElementTree) to parse.
What is the process of converting XML into images?
Apr 02, 2025 pm 08:24 PM
To convert XML images, you need to determine the XML data structure first, then select a suitable graphical library (such as Python's matplotlib) and method, select a visualization strategy based on the data structure, consider the data volume and image format, perform batch processing or use efficient libraries, and finally save it as PNG, JPEG, or SVG according to the needs.
Recommended XML formatting tool
Apr 02, 2025 pm 09:03 PM
XML formatting tools can type code according to rules to improve readability and understanding. When selecting a tool, pay attention to customization capabilities, handling of special circumstances, performance and ease of use. Commonly used tool types include online tools, IDE plug-ins, and command-line tools.
