简单了解Python下用于监视文件系统的pyinotify包
什么是inotify:
- Inotify是一个事件驱动的通知机制,Inotify 提供一个简单的API,使用最小的文件描述符,并且允许细粒度监控。与 inotify 的通信是通过系统调用实现。可用的函数如下所示:
- inotify_init 是用于创建一个inotify实例的系统调用,并返回一个指向该实例的文件描述符。
- inotify_init1 与inotify_init相似,并带有附加标志。如果这些附加标志没有指定,将采用与inotify_init相同的值。
- inotify_add_watch 增加对文件或者目录的监控,并指定需要监控哪些事件。标志用于控制是否将事件添加到已有的监控中,是否只有路径代表一个目录才进行监控,是否要追踪符号链接,是否进行一次性监控,当首次事件出现后就停止监控。
- inotify_rm_watch 从监控列表中移出监控项目。
- read 读取包含一个或者多个事件信息的缓存。
- close 关闭文件描述符,并且移除所有在该描述符上的所有监控。当关于某实例的所有文件描述符都关闭时,资源和下层对象都将释放,以供内核再次使用。
因此,典型的监控程序需要进行如下操作:
- 使用 inotify_init 打开一个文件描述符
- 添加一个或者多个监控
- 等待事件
- 处理事件,然后返回并等待更多事件
- 当监控不再活动时,或者接到某个信号之后,关闭文件描述符,清空,然后退出。
pyinotify包的安装
git clone https://github.com/seb-m/pyinotify.git cd pyinotify/ python setup.py install
Inotify 可以监视的文件系统事件包括:
IN_ACCESS,即文件被访问
IN_MODIFY,文件被write
IN_ATTRIB,文件属性被修改,如chmod、chown、touch等
IN_CLOSE_WRITE,可写文件被close
IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE,不可写文件被close
IN_OPEN,文件被open
IN_MOVED_FROM,文件被移走,如mv
IN_MOVED_TO,文件被移来,如mv、cp
IN_CREATE,创建新文件
IN_DELETE,文件被删除,如rm
IN_DELETE_SELF,自删除,即一个可执行文件在执行时删除自己
IN_MOVE_SELF,自移动,即一个可执行文件在执行时移动自己
IN_UNMOUNT,宿主文件系统被umount
IN_CLOSE,文件被关闭,等同于(IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE)
IN_MOVE,文件被移动,等同于(IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO)
pyinotify使用例子
#!/usr/bin/env python # encoding:utf-8 import os from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier, \ ProcessEvent,IN_DELETE, IN_CREATE,IN_MODIFY class EventHandler(ProcessEvent): """事件处理""" def process_IN_CREATE(self, event): print "Create file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name) def process_IN_DELETE(self, event): print "Delete file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name) def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event): print "Modify file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name) def FSMonitor(path='.'): wm = WatchManager() mask = IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE |IN_MODIFY notifier = Notifier(wm, EventHandler()) wm.add_watch(path, mask,auto_add=True,rec=True) print 'now starting monitor %s'%(path) while True: try: notifier.process_events() if notifier.check_events(): notifier.read_events() except KeyboardInterrupt: notifier.stop() break if __name__ == "__main__": FSMonitor('/home/firefoxbug')

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