Python list操作用法总结
本文实例讲述了Python list操作用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
List是python中的基本数据结构之一，和Java中的ArrayList有些类似，支持动态的元素的增加。list还支持不同类型的元素在一个列表中，List is an Object。
最基本的创建一个列表的方法
Python list常见操作如下：
创建列表
Python 列表操作
得到列表中的某一个值
value_start = sample_list[0] end_value = sample_list[-1]
删除列表的第一个值
在列表中插入一个值
得到列表的长度
列表遍历
for element in sample_list: print(element)
Python 列表高级操作/技巧
产生一个数值递增列表
num_inc_list = range(30) #will return a list [0,1,2,...,29]
用某个固定值初始化列表
initial_value = 0 list_length = 5 sample_list = [ initial_value for i in range(10)] sample_list = [initial_value]*list_length # sample_list ==[0,0,0,0,0]
附：python内置类型
1、list：列表（即动态数组，C++标准库的vector，但可含不同类型的元素于一个list中）
下标：按下标读写，就当作数组处理
以0开始，有负下标的使用
0第一个元素，-1最后一个元素，
-len第一个元 素，len-1最后一个元素
取list的元素数量
len(list) #list的长度。实际该方法是调用了此对象的__len__(self)方法。
创建连续的list
L = range(1,5) #即 L=[1,2,3,4],不含最后一个元素 L = range(1, 10, 2) #即 L=[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
list的方法
L.append(var) #追加元素 L.insert(index,var) L.pop(var) #返回最后一个元素，并从list中删除之 L.remove(var) #删除第一次出现的该元素 L.count(var) #该元素在列表中出现的个数 L.index(var) #该元素的位置,无则抛异常 L.extend(list) #追加list，即合并list到L上 L.sort() #排序 L.reverse() #倒序 list 操作符:,+,*，关键字del a[1:] #片段操作符，用于子list的提取 [1,2]+[3,4] #为[1,2,3,4]。同extend() [2]*4 #为[2,2,2,2] del L[1] #删除指定下标的元素 del L[1:3] #删除指定下标范围的元素
list的复制
L1 = L #L1为L的别名，用C来说就是指针地址相同，对L1操作即对L操作。函数参数就是这样传递的 L1 = L[:] #L1为L的克隆，即另一个拷贝。
[
2、dictionary： 字典（即C++标准库的map）
每一个元素是pair，包含key、value两部分。key是Integer或string类型，value 是任意类型。
键是唯一的，字典只认最后一个赋的键值。
dictionary的方法
D.get(key, 0) #同dict[key]，多了个没有则返回缺省值，0。[]没有则抛异常
D.has_key(key) #有该键返回TRUE，否则FALSE
D.keys() #返回字典键的列表
D.values()
D.items()
D.update(dict2) #增加合并字典
D.popitem() #得到一个pair，并从字典中删除它。已空则抛异常
D.clear() #清空字典，同del dict
D.copy() #拷贝字典
D.cmp(dict1,dict2) #比较字典，(优先级为元素个数、键大小、键值大小)
#第一个大返回1，小返回-1，一样返回0
dictionary的复制
dict1 = dict #别名 dict2=dict.copy() #克隆，即另一个拷贝。
3、tuple：元组（即常量数组）
可以用list的 [],:操作符提取元素。就是不能直接修改元素。
4、string： 字符串（即不能修改的字符list）
字符串是一个整 体。如果你想直接修改字符串的某一部分，是不可能的。但我们能够读出字符串的某一部分。
子字符串的提取
字符串包含 判断操作符：in，not in
"He" in str
"she" not in str
string模块，还提供了很多方法，如
S.find(substring, [start [,end]]) #可指范围查找子串，返回索引值，否则返回-1 S.rfind(substring,[start [,end]]) #反向查找 S.index(substring,[start [,end]]) #同find，只是找不到产生ValueError异常 S.rindex(substring,[start [,end]])#同上反向查找 S.count(substring,[start [,end]]) #返回找到子串的个数 S.lowercase() S.capitalize() #首字母大写 S.lower() #转小写 S.upper() #转大写 S.swapcase() #大小写互换 S.split(str, ' ') #将string转list，以空格切分 S.join(list, ' ') #将list转string，以空格连接
处理字符串的内置函数
len(str) #串长度
cmp("my friend", str) #字符串比较。第一个大，返回1
max('abcxyz') #寻找字符串中最大的字符
min('abcxyz') #寻找字符串中最小的字符
string的转换
oat(str) #变成浮点数，float("1e-1") 结果为0.1
int(str) #变成整型， int("12") 结果为12
int(str,base) #变成base进制整型数，int("11",2) 结果为2
long(str) #变成长整型，
long(str,base) #变成base进制长整型，
字符串的格式化（注意其转义字符，大多如C语言的，略）
str_format % (参数列表) #参数列表是以tuple的形式定义的，即不可运行中改变
#结果显示为 My brother's height is 180cm
list 和 tuple 的相互转化
tuple(ls) list(ls)
补充：
在python中list也是对象，所以他也有方法和属性，在ptython解释器中 使用help(list)可以查看其文档，部分开放方法如下：
这里以一个实例代码介绍这些方法的具体用法：
# coding=utf-8
# Filename : list.py
# Date: 2012 11 20
# 创建一个list方式
heatList = ['wade','james','bosh','haslem']
tableList = list('123') #list方法接受一个iterable的参数
print 'Miami heat has ',len(heatList),' NBA Stars , they are:'
#遍历list中的元素
for player in heatList:
print player,
#向list添加元素
heatList.append('allen') #方式一：向list结尾添加 参数object
print '\nAfter allen join the team ,they are: '
print heatList
heatList.insert(4,'lewis') #方式二：插入一个元素 参数一：index位置 参数二：object
print 'After lewis join the team, they are:'
print heatList
heatList.extend(tableList) #方式三：扩展列表，参数：iterable参数
print 'After extend a table list,now they are :'
print heatList
#从list删除元素
heatList.remove('1') #删除方式一：参数object 如有重复元素，只会删除最靠前的
print" Remove '1' ..now '1' is gone\n",heatList
heatList.pop() #删除方式二：pop 可选参数index删除指定位置的元素 默认为最后一个元素
print "Pop the last element '3'\n",heatList
del heatList[6] #删除方式三：可以删除制定元素或者列表切片
print "del '3' at the index 6\n",heatList
#逻辑判断
#统计方法 count 参数：具体元素的值
print 'james apears ',heatList.count('wade'),' times'
#in 和 not in
print 'wade in list ? ',('wade' in heatList)
print 'wade not in list ? ',('wade' not in heatList)
#定位 index方法：参数：具体元素的值 可选参数：切片范围
print 'allen in the list ? ',heatList.index('allen')
#下一行代码会报错，因为allen不在前三名里
#print 'allen in the fisrt 3 player ? ',heatList.index('allen',0,3)
#排序和反转代码
print 'When the list is reversed : '
heatList.reverse()
print heatList
print 'When the list is sorted: '
heatList.sort() #sort有三个默认参数 cmp=None,key=None,reverse=False 因此可以制定排序参数以后再讲
print heatList
#list 的分片[start:end] 分片中不包含end位置的元素
print 'elements from 2nd to 3rd ' , heatList[1:3]希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。
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