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Python在Windows和在Linux下调用动态链接库的教程

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Release: 2016-06-10 15:08:07
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Linux系统下调用动态库(.so)

1、linuxany.c代码如下:

  #include "stdio.h"
  void display(char* msg){
    printf("%s\n",msg);
  }
   
  int add(int a,int b){
    return a+b;
  }

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2、编译c代码,最后生成Python可执行的.so文件
(1)gcc -c linuxany.c,将生成一个linuxany.o文件
(2)gcc -shared linuxany.c -o linuxany.so,将生成一个linuxany.so文件

3、在Python中调用

  #!/usr/bin/python
   
  from ctypes import *
  import os 
  //参数为生成的.so文件所在的绝对路径
  libtest = cdll.LoadLibrary(os.getcwd() + '/linuxany.so') 
  //直接用方法名进行调用
  print 
  libtest.display('Hello,I am linuxany.com') 
  print libtest.add(2,2010)

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4、运行结果

Hello,I am linuxany.com
2012 
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Windows下Python调用dll

python中如果要调用dll,需要用到ctypes模块,在程序开头导入模块 import ctypes

由于调用约定的不同,python调用dll的方法也不同,主要有两种调用规则,即 cdecl和stdcal,还有其他的一些调用约定,关于他们的不同,可以查阅其他资料

先说 stdcal的调用方法:

方法一:

import ctypes
dll = ctypes.windll.LoadLibrary( 'test.dll' )
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方法二:

import ctypes
dll = ctypes.WinDll( 'test.dll' )

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cdecl的调用方法:

1.

import ctypes
dll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary( 'test.dll' )
##注:一般在linux下为test.o文件,同样可以使用如下的方法:
## dll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('test.o')
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2.

import ctypes
dll = ctypes.CDll( 'test.dll' )
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看一个例子,首先编译一个dll

导出函数如下:

# define ADD_EXPORT Q_DECL_EXPORT
extern "C" ADD_EXPORT int addnum(int num1,int num2)
{
return num1+num2;
}


extern "C" ADD_EXPORT void get_path(char *path){
memcpy(path,"hello",sizeof("hello"));
}

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这里使用的是cdecl

脚本如下:

dll=ctypes.CDLL("add.dll")
add=dll.addnum
add.argtypes=[ctypes.c_int,ctypes.c_int] #参数类型
add.restypes=ctypes.c_int            #返回值类型
print add(1,2)


get_path=dll.get_path
get_path.argtypes=[ctypes.c_char_p]
path=create_string_buffer(100)
get_path(path)
print path.value

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结果如下:

2015818121733886.gif (368×95)

我们看到两个结果,第一个是进行计算,第二个是带回一个参数。

当然我们还可以很方便的使用windows的dll,提供了很多接口

GetSystemDirectory = windll.kernel32.GetSystemDirectoryA
buf = create_string_buffer(100)
GetSystemDirectory(buf,100)
print buf.value
MessageBox = windll.user32.MessageBoxW
MessageBox(None, u"Hello World", u"Hi", 0)

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运行结果如下:

2015818121806575.gif (144×160)

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