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在Django的URLconf中进行函数导入的方法

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Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:09 PM

django

看下这个 URLconf:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite.views import hello, current_datetime, hours_ahead
 
urlpatterns = patterns('',
  (r'^hello/$', hello),
  (r'^time/$', current_datetime),
  (r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', hours_ahead),
)

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在 URLconf 中的每一个入口包括了它所关联的视图函数，直接传入了一个函数对象。这就意味着需要在模块开始处导入视图函数。

但随着 Django 应用变得复杂，它的 URLconf 也在增长，并且维护这些导入可能使得管理变麻烦。 (对每个新的view函数，你不得不记住要导入它，并且采用这种方法会使导入语句将变得相当长。)可以通过导入 views 模块本身来避免这个麻烦。下面例子的URLconf与前一个等价：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
**from mysite import views**
 
urlpatterns = patterns('',
  (r'^hello/$', **views.hello** ),
  (r'^time/$', **views.current_datetime** ),
  (r'^time/plus/(d{1,2})/$', **views.hours_ahead** ),
)

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Django 还提供了另一种方法可以在 URLconf 中为某个特别的模式指定视图函数：你可以传入一个包含模块名和函数名的字符串，而不是函数对象本身。继续示例:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 
urlpatterns = patterns('',
  (r'^hello/$', **'mysite.views.hello'** ),
  (r'^time/$', **'mysite.views.current_datetime'** ),
  (r'^time/plus/(d{1,2})/$', **'mysite.views.hours_ahead'** ),
)

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(注意视图名前后的引号。应该使用带引号的 'mysite.views.current_datetime' 而不是 mysite.views.current_datetime 。)

使用这个技术，就不必导入视图函数了；Django 会在第一次需要它时根据字符串所描述的视图函数的名字和路径，导入合适的视图函数。

当使用字符串技术时，你可以采用更简化的方式：提取出一个公共视图前缀。在我们的URLconf例子中，每个视图字符串的开始部分都是``\，造成重复输入。我们可以把公共的前缀提取出来，作为第一个参数传给\ ``函数：

System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 99); backlink
 
Inline literal start-string without end-string.
 
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
 
urlpatterns = patterns(**'mysite.views'** ,
  (r'^hello/$', **'hello'** ),
  (r'^time/$', **'current_datetime'** ),
  (r'^time/plus/(d{1,2})/$', **'hours_ahead'** ),
)

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注意既不要在前缀后面跟着一个点号("." )，也不要在视图字符串前面放一个点号。 Django 会自动处理它们。

牢记这两种方法，哪种更好一些呢？这取决于你的个人编码习惯和需要。

字符串方法的好处如下:

更紧凑，因为不需要你导入视图函数。

如果你的视图函数存在于几个不同的 Python 模块的话，它可以使得 URLconf 更易读和管理。

函数对象方法的好处如下:

更容易对视图函数进行包装(wrap)。参见本章后面的《包装视图函数》一节。

更 Pythonic，就是说，更符合 Python 的传统，如把函数当成对象传递。

两个方法都是有效的，甚至你可以在同一个 URLconf 中混用它们。决定权在你。

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