在Python的Django框架中调用方法和处理无效变量
方法调用行为
方法调用比其他类型的查找略为复杂一点。 以下是一些注意事项:
在方法查找过程中,如果某方法抛出一个异常,除非该异常有一个 silent_variable_failure 属性并且值为 True ,否则的话它将被传播。如果异常被传播,模板里的指定变量会被置为空字符串,比如:
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仅在方法无需传入参数时,其调用才有效。 否则,系统将会转移到下一个查找类型(列表索引查找)。
显然,有些方法是有副作用的,好的情况下允许模板系统访问它们可能只是干件蠢事,坏的情况下甚至会引发安全漏洞。
例如,你的一个 BankAccount 对象有一个 delete() 方法。 如果某个模板中包含了像 {{ account.delete }}这样的标签,其中`` account`` 又是BankAccount 的一个实例,请注意在这个模板载入时,account对象将被删除。
要防止这样的事情发生,必须设置该方法的 alters_data 函数属性:
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模板系统不会执行任何以该方式进行标记的方法。 接上面的例子,如果模板文件里包含了 {{ account.delete }} ,对象又具有 delete()方法,而且delete() 有alters_data=True这个属性,那么在模板载入时, delete()方法将不会被执行。 它将静静地错误退出。
如何处理无效变量
默认情况下,如果一个变量不存在,模板系统会把它展示为空字符串,不做任何事情来表示失败。 例如:
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系统静悄悄地表示失败,而不是引发一个异常,因为这通常是人为错误造成的。 这种情况下,因为变量名有错误的状况或名称, 所有的查询都会失败。 现实世界中,对于一个web站点来说,如果仅仅因为一个小的模板语法错误而造成无法访问,这是不可接受的。

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