Home Backend Development Python Tutorial Python中的zipfile模块使用详解

Python中的zipfile模块使用详解

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:10 PM
python zip

zip文件格式是通用的文档压缩标准,在ziplib模块中,使用ZipFile类来操作zip文件,下面具体介绍一下:
class zipfile.ZipFile(file[, mode[, compression[, allowZip64]]])

创建一个ZipFile对象,表示一个zip文件。参数file表示文件的路径或类文件对象(file-like object);参数mode指示打开zip文件的模式,默认值为'r',表示读已经存在的zip文件,也可以为'w'或'a','w'表示新建一个zip文档或覆盖一个已经存在的zip文档,'a'表示将数据附加到一个现存的zip文档中。参数compression表示在写zip文档时使用的压缩方法,它的值可以是zipfile. ZIP_STORED 或zipfile. ZIP_DEFLATED。如果要操作的zip文件大小超过2G,应该将allowZip64设置为True。

ZipFile还提供了如下常用的方法和属性:
ZipFile.getinfo(name):

获取zip文档内指定文件的信息。返回一个zipfile.ZipInfo对象,它包括文件的详细信息。将在下面 具体介绍该对象。
ZipFile.infolist()

获取zip文档内所有文件的信息,返回一个zipfile.ZipInfo的列表。
ZipFile.namelist()

获取zip文档内所有文件的名称列表。
ZipFile.extract(member[, path[, pwd]])

将zip文档内的指定文件解压到当前目录。参数member指定要解压的文件名称或对应的ZipInfo对象;参数path指定了解析文件保存的文件夹;参数pwd为解压密码。下面一个例子将保存在程序根目录下的txt.zip内的所有文件解压到D:/Work目录:
 

import zipfile, os
zipFile = zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'txt.zip'))
for file in zipFile.namelist():
  zipFile.extract(file, r'd:/Work')
zipFile.close()
ZipFile.extractall([path[, members[, pwd]]])
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解压zip文档中的所有文件到当前目录。参数members的默认值为zip文档内的所有文件名称列表,也可以自己设置,选择要解压的文件名称。
ZipFile.printdir()

将zip文档内的信息打印到控制台上。
ZipFile.setpassword(pwd)

设置zip文档的密码。
ZipFile.read(name[, pwd])

获取zip文档内指定文件的二进制数据。下面的例子演示了read()的使用,zip文档内包括一个txt.txt的文本文件,使用read()方法读取其二进制数据,然后保存到D:/txt.txt。

#coding=gbk
import zipfile, os
zipFile = zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'txt.zip'))
data = zipFile.read('txt.txt')
(lambda f, d: (f.write(d), f.close()))(open(r'd:/txt.txt', 'wb'), data) 
#一行语句就完成了写文件操作。仔细琢磨哦~_~
zipFile.close()
ZipFile.write(filename[, arcname[, compress_type]])
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将指定文件添加到zip文档中。filename为文件路径,arcname为添加到zip文档之后保存的名称, 参数compress_type表示压缩方法,它的值可以是zipfile. ZIP_STORED 或zipfile. ZIP_DEFLATED。下面的例子演示了如何创建一个zip文档,并将文件D:/test.doc添加到压缩文档中。

import zipfile, os
zipFile = zipfile.ZipFile(r'D:/test.zip'), 'w')
zipFile.write(r'D:/test.doc', 'ok.doc', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipFile.close()
ZipFile.writestr(zinfo_or_arcname, bytes)
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writestr()支持将二进制数据直接写入到压缩文档。
Class ZipInfo

ZipFile.getinfo(name) 方法返回的是一个ZipInfo对象,表示zip文档中相应文件的信息。它支持如下属性:

  • ZipInfo.filename: 获取文件名称。
  • ZipInfo.date_time: 获取文件最后修改时间。返回一个包含6个元素的元组:(年, 月, 日, 时, 分, 秒)
  • ZipInfo.compress_type: 压缩类型。
  • ZipInfo.comment: 文档说明。
  • ZipInfo.extr: 扩展项数据。
  • ZipInfo.create_system: 获取创建该zip文档的系统。
  • ZipInfo.create_version: 获取 创建zip文档的PKZIP版本。
  • ZipInfo.extract_version: 获取 解压zip文档所需的PKZIP版本。
  • ZipInfo.reserved: 预留字段,当前实现总是返回0。
  • ZipInfo.flag_bits: zip标志位。
  • ZipInfo.volume: 文件头的卷标。
  • ZipInfo.internal_attr: 内部属性。
  • ZipInfo.external_attr: 外部属性。
  • ZipInfo.header_offset: 文件头偏移位。
  • ZipInfo.CRC: 未压缩文件的CRC-32。
  • ZipInfo.compress_size: 获取压缩后的大小。
  • ZipInfo.file_size: 获取未压缩的文件大小。

下面一个简单的例子说明这些属性的意思:

import zipfile, os
zipFile = zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'txt.zip'))
zipInfo = zipFile.getinfo('doc.doc')
print 'filename:', zipInfo.filename
print 'date_time:', zipInfo.date_time
print 'compress_type:', zipInfo.compress_type
print 'comment:', zipInfo.comment
print 'extra:', zipInfo.extra
print 'create_system:', zipInfo.create_system
print 'create_version:', zipInfo.create_version
print 'extract_version:', zipInfo.extract_version
print 'extract_version:', zipInfo.reserved
print 'flag_bits:', zipInfo.flag_bits
print 'volume:', zipInfo.volume
print 'internal_attr:', zipInfo.internal_attr
print 'external_attr:', zipInfo.external_attr
print 'header_offset:', zipInfo.header_offset
print 'CRC:', zipInfo.CRC
print 'compress_size:', zipInfo.compress_size
print 'file_size:', zipInfo.file_size
zipFile.close()
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感觉使用zipfile模块来处理zip文件真的很简单。想当初在.NET平台下,使用sharpziplib压缩、解压一个文件,我花了N多时间,找了N多英文资源,才写出一个能压缩文件的demo。而现在使用Python,通过阅读python手册,一两个小时就掌握了zipfile模块的基本使用。哈哈,使用Python,真爽!

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