python下MySQLdb用法实例分析
本文实例讲述了python下MySQLdb用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：
下载安装MySQLdb
① linux版本
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/ 下载，在安装是要先安装setuptools，然后在下载文件目录下，修改mysite.cfg,指定本地mysql的mysql-config文件的路径
② windows版本
网上搜索到一个http://www.technicalbard.com/files/MySQL-python-1.2.2.win32-py2.6.exe
安装后import MySQLdb会出现 DeprecationWarning: the sets module is deprecated 这样一个警告，baidu一下
原因是2.6不知sets这个模块，不过已经添加了set内置函数。找到MySQLdb文件夹的中__init__.py,注释掉from sets import ImmutableSet class DBAPISet(ImmutableSet):添加class DBAPISet(frozenset):；找到converters.py注释掉from sets import BaseSet, Set。然后修改第45行和129行中的Set为set。
搞定。
下面开始操作的demo:
Python代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#mysqldb
import time, MySQLdb
#连接
conn=MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="",db="test",charset="utf8")
cursor = conn.cursor()
#写入
sql = "insert into user(name,created) values(%s,%s)"
param = ("aaa",int(time.time()))
n = cursor.execute(sql,param)
print n
#更新
sql = "update user set name=%s where id=3"
param = ("bbb")
n = cursor.execute(sql,param)
print n
#查询
n = cursor.execute("select * from user")
for row in cursor.fetchall():
for r in row:
print r
#删除
sql = "delete from user where name=%s"
param =("aaa")
n = cursor.execute(sql,param)
print n
cursor.close()
#关闭
conn.close()
基本的使用如上，还是很简单的，进一步使用还没操作，先从网上找点资料放上来，以备后续查看
1.引入MySQLdb库
2.和数据库建立连接
提供的connect方法用来和数据库建立连接,接收数个参数,返回连接对象.
比较常用的参数包括
host:数据库主机名.默认是用本地主机.
user:数据库登陆名.默认是当前用户.
passwd:数据库登陆的秘密.默认为空.
db:要使用的数据库名.没有默认值.
port:MySQL服务使用的TCP端口.默认是3306.
charset:数据库编码.
更多关于参数的信息可以查这里
http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/MySQLdb.html
然后,这个连接对象也提供了对事务操作的支持,标准的方法
commit() 提交
rollback() 回滚
3.执行sql语句和接收返回值
n=cursor.execute(sql,param)
首先,我们用使用连接对象获得一个cursor对象,接下来,我们会使用cursor提供的方法来进行工作.这些方法包括两大类:1.执行命令,2.接收返回值
cursor用来执行命令的方法:
callproc(self, procname, args):用来执行存储过程,接收的参数为存储过程名和参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数
execute(self, query, args):执行单条sql语句,接收的参数为sql语句本身和使用的参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数
executemany(self, query, args):执行单条sql语句,但是重复执行参数列表里的参数,返回值为受影响的行数
nextset(self):移动到下一个结果集
cursor用来接收返回值的方法:
fetchall(self):接收全部的返回结果行.
fetchmany(self, size=None):接收size条返回结果行.如果size的值大于返回的结果行的数量,则会返回cursor.arraysize条数据.
fetchone(self):返回一条结果行.
scroll(self, value, mode='relative'):移动指针到某一行.如果mode='relative',则表示从当前所在行移动value条,如果mode='absolute',则表示从结果集的第一行移动value条.
下面的代码是一个完整的例子.
#使用sql语句,这里要接收的参数都用%s占位符.要注意的是,无论你要插入的数据是什么类型,占位符永远都要用%s
sql="insert into cdinfo values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
#param应该为tuple或者list
param=(title,singer,imgurl,url,alpha)
#执行,如果成功,n的值为1
n=cursor.execute(sql,param)
#再来执行一个查询的操作
cursor.execute("select * from cdinfo")
#我们使用了fetchall这个方法.这样,cds里保存的将会是查询返回的全部结果.
#每条结果都是一个tuple类型的数据,这些tuple组成了一个tuple
cds=cursor.fetchall()
#因为是tuple,所以可以这样使用结果集
print cds[0][3]
#或者直接显示出来,看看结果集的真实样子
print cds
#如果需要批量的插入数据,就这样做
sql="insert into cdinfo values(0,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
#每个值的集合为一个tuple,整个参数集组成一个tuple,或者list
param=((title,singer,imgurl,url,alpha),(title2,singer2,imgurl2,url2,alpha2))
#使用executemany方法来批量的插入数据.这真是一个很酷的方法!
n=cursor.executemany(sql,param) 4.关闭数据库连接
需要分别的关闭指针对象和连接对象.他们有名字相同的方法
cursor.close()
conn.close()
四步完成,基本的数据库操作就是这样了.下面是两个有用的连接
MySQLdb用户指南: http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/MySQLdb.html
MySQLdb文档: http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/MySQLdb-1.2.2/public/MySQLdb-module.html
5 编码（防止乱码）
需要注意的点：
1 Python文件设置编码 utf-8 （文件前面加上 #encoding=utf-8)
2 MySQL数据库charset=utf-8
3 Python连接MySQL是加上参数 charset=utf8
4 设置Python的默认编码为 utf-8 (sys.setdefaultencoding(utf-8)
#encoding=utf-8
import sys
import MySQLdb
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
db=MySQLdb.connect(user='root',charset='utf8') 注：MySQL的配置文件设置也必须配置成utf8
设置 MySQL 的 my.cnf 文件，在 [client]/[mysqld]部分都设置默认的字符集（通常在/etc/mysql/my.cnf)：
<!--[endif]--> [client] default-character-set = utf8 [mysqld] default-character-set = utf8 <!--[endif]-->
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。
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