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Python文件及目录操作实例详解

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:10 PM
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本文实例讲述了Python文件及目录操作的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

在python中对文件及目录的操作一般涉及多os模块,os.path模块。具体函数以及使用方法在程序中说明。

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding=UTF8 -*-
import os
import os.path as op
def change_dir():
  '''
 该函数显示及改变前目录
 using chdir() to change current dir
    getcwd() can show the current working directory
  '''
  directory="/tmp"
  #使用getcwd()返回当前目录
  print os.getcwd()
  #chdir改变当前目录为:directory目录
  os.chdir(directory)
  print os.getcwd()
def show_filesOfdir(whichDir):
  '''
 此函数只显示目录下的所有文件
 using listdir() to shows all of the file execpt directory
   join() function catenate 'whichDir' with listdir() returns values
   isfile() check that file is a regular file
   '''  
   #listdir() 函数显示前目录的内容
  for file in os.listdir(whichDir):
 #利用join()把whichDir目录及listdir() 返回值连接起来组成合法路径
    file_name = op.join(whichDir,file)
 #isfile()函数可以判断该路径上的文件是否为一个普通文件
    if op.isfile(file_name):
      print file_name
def printaccess(path):
  ''' 
 显示文件的最后访问时间,修改时间
 shows 'path' the last access time 
      getatime() return the time of last access of path
   stat() return information of a file,use its st_atime return the time of last access
   ctime() return a string of local time
  '''
  import time
  #利用ctime()函数返回最后访问时间
  #getatime()函数返回最后访问时间,不过是以秒为单位(从新纪元起计算)
  print time.ctime(op.getatime(path))
  #stat()函数返回一个对象包含文件的信息
  stat = os.stat(path)
  #st_atime 最后一次访问的时间
  print time.ctime(stat.st_atime)
  print the modify time
  print "modify time is:",
  print time.ctime(op.getctime(path))
  print "modify time is:",
  #st_ctime 最后一次修改的时间
  print time.ctime(stat.st_ctime)
def isDIR(path):
  '''
 一个os.path.isdir()函数的实现
 Implement isdir() function by myself
  '''
  import stat
  MODE = os.stat(path).st_mode
  #返回真假值
  return stat.S_ISDIR(MODE)
if __name__== "__main__":
  change_dir()
  show_filesOfdir('''/root''')
  printaccess('/etc/passwd')
  print isDIR('/etc')

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希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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