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python网络编程之数据传输UDP实例分析

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:12 PM
python udp data transmission network programming

本文实例讲述了python网络编程之数据传输UDP实现方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

一、问题:

你觉得网络上像msn,qq之类的工具在多台机器之间互相传输数据神秘吗?你也想玩一下在两台机器之间传数据吗?今天让python告诉我们基本原理吧,当然只是做简单的了解,实际情况复杂的多。
     我们今天用python实现一个简单的udp程序。

二、程序实现:

1) 使用模块

(socket)套接字模块: 套接字模块是一个非常简单的基于对象的接口,它提供对低层BSD套接字样式网络的访问 。使用该模块可以实现客户机和服务器套接字。

所谓的套接字是为特定网络协议(例如TCP/IP,ICMP/IP,UDP/IP等)套件对上的网络应用程序提供者提供当前可移植标准的对象。 它们允许程序接受并进行连接,如发送和接受数据。为了建立通信通道,网络通信的每个端点拥有一个套接字对象极为重要 。

2) 建立服务器

第1步:创建socket对象

s = socket.socket(family,type)

family 的值可以是AF_UNIX(unix域,用于同一台机器上的进程间通讯),也可以是AF_INET(对应于ip协议的TCP或UDP)

Type参数的值可以是: SOCK_STREAM(流套接字)或者 SOCK_DGRAM(数据报文套接字),SOCK_RAW(raw套接字)。

我们这里使用udp数据报文套接字;

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

第2步:将socket绑定到指定地址上:s.bind(address),address 必须是一个双元素组,(host,port)

我们这里绑定本机8081端口: s.bind(("", port))

第3步:调用recvfrom方法接收客户端发来的数据,recvfrom方法需指定可接收的最大数据量。将返回数据内容和客户端地址;

import socket 
port = 8081 
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 
s.bind(("", port)) 
print "waiting on port:", port 
while True: 
  data, addr = s.recvfrom(1024)
  print "Received:", data, "from", addr

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3) 客户端建立

建立客户端很简单,只用创建套接字对象,指定端口,调用sendto方法传输数据就ok了,如下;

import socket 
port = 8081 
host = "localhost" 
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 
s.sendto("Hello! It's working.", (host, port))

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使用数据报方式发送简短的文本信息是非常简单的,如果你想要可靠的传输数据,这种方法是不可行,如果服务器不可用,信息就会丢失,下一节将学习如何使用tcp协议来传输信息。

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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