Home Backend Development Python Tutorial 简单介绍Python中利用生成器实现的并发编程

简单介绍Python中利用生成器实现的并发编程

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:13 PM
python

我们都知道并发(不是并行)编程目前有四种方式,多进程,多线程,异步,和协程。

多进程编程在python中有类似C的os.fork,当然还有更高层封装的multiprocessing标准库,在之前写过的python高可用程序设计方法中提供了类似nginx中master process和worker process间信号处理的方式,保证了业务进程的退出可以被主进程感知。

多线程编程python中有Thread和threading,在linux下所谓的线程,实际上是LWP轻量级进程,其在内核中具有和进程相同的调度方式,有关LWP,COW(写时拷贝),fork,vfork,clone等的资料较多,这里不再赘述。

异步在linux下主要有三种实现select,poll,epoll,关于异步不是本文的重点。

说协程肯定要说yield,我们先来看一个例子:

#coding=utf-8
import time
import sys
# 生产者
def produce(l):
  i=0
  while 1:
    if i < 5:
      l.append(i)
      yield i
      i=i+1
      time.sleep(1)
    else:
      return
   
# 消费者
def consume(l):
  p = produce(l)
  while 1:
    try:
      p.next()
      while len(l) > 0:
        print l.pop()
    except StopIteration:
      sys.exit(0)
l = []
consume(l)
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在上面的例子中,当程序执行到produce的yield i时,返回了一个generator,当我们在custom中调用p.next(),程序又返回到produce的yield i继续执行,这样l中又append了元素,然后我们print l.pop(),直到p.next()引发了StopIteration异常。

通过上面的例子我们看到协程的调度对于内核来说是不可见的,协程间是协同调度的,这使得并发量在上万的时候,协程的性能是远高于线程的。

import stackless
import urllib2
def output():
  while 1:
    url=chan.receive()
    print url
    f=urllib2.urlopen(url)
    #print f.read()
    print stackless.getcurrent()
   
def input():
  f=open('url.txt')
  l=f.readlines()
  for i in l:
    chan.send(i)
chan=stackless.channel()
[stackless.tasklet(output)() for i in xrange(10)]
stackless.tasklet(input)()
stackless.run()
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关于协程,可以参考greenlet,stackless,gevent,eventlet等的实现。

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