在Python的Django框架中用流响应生成CSV文件的教程

在Django里，流式响应StreamingHttpResponse是个好东西,可以快速、节省内存地产生一个大型文件。

目前项目里用于流式响应的一个是Eventsource，用于改善跨系统通讯时用户产生的慢速的感觉。这个不细说了。

还有一个就是生成一个大的csv文件。

当Django进程处于gunicorn或者uwsgi等web容器中时，如果响应超过一定时间没有返回，就会被web容器终止掉，虽然我们可以通过加长web容器的超时时间来绕过这个问题，但是毕竟还是治标不治本。要根本上解决这个问题，Python的生成器、Django框架提供的StreamingHttpResponse这个流式响应很有帮助

而在csv中，中文的处理也至关重要，要保证用excel打开csv不乱码什么的。。为了节约空间，我就把所有代码贴到一起了。。实际使用按照项目的规划放置哈

上代码：

from __future__ import absolute_import
import csv
import codecs
import cStringIO


class Echo(object):

  def write(self, value):
    return value

class UnicodeWriter:

  """
  A CSV writer which will write rows to CSV file "f",
  which is encoded in the given encoding.
  """

  def __init__(self, f, dialect=csv.excel, encoding="utf-8", **kwds):
    # Redirect output to a queue
    self.queue = cStringIO.StringIO()
    self.writer = csv.writer(self.queue, dialect=dialect, **kwds)
    self.stream = f
    self.encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder(encoding)()

  def writerow(self, row):
    self.writer.writerow([handle_column(s) for s in row])
    # Fetch UTF-8 output from the queue ...
    data = self.queue.getvalue()
    data = data.decode("utf-8")
    # ... and reencode it into the target encoding
    data = self.encoder.encode(data)
    # write to the target stream
    value = self.stream.write(data)
    # empty queue
    self.queue.truncate(0)
    return value

  def writerows(self, rows):
    for row in rows:
      self.writerow(row)

from django.views.generic import View
from django.http.response import StreamingHttpResponse

class ExampleView(View):
  headers=['一些','表头']
  def get(self,request):
    result = [['第一行','数据1'],
         ['第二行','数据2']]
    echoer = Echo()
    writer = UnicodeWriter(echoer)
    def csv_itertor():
        yield codecs.BOM_UTF8
        yield writer.writerow(self.headers)
        for column in result:
          yield writer.writerow(column)

    response = StreamingHttpResponse(
      (row for row in csv_itertor()),
      content_type="text/csv;charset=utf-8")
    response['Content-Disposition'
         ] = 'attachment;filename="example.csv"'
    return response

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