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python中self原理实例分析

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:13 PM
python

本文实例讲述了python中self原理。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

类的方法与普通的函数只有一个特别的区别——它们必须有一个额外的第一个参数名称,但是在调用这个方法的时候你不为这个参数赋值,Python会提供这个值。这个特别的变量指对象本身,按照惯例它的名称是self。

假如你有一个类称为MyClass和这个类的一个实例MyObject。当你调用这个对象的方法 MyObject.method(arg1, arg2) 的时候,这会由Python自动转为 MyClass.method(MyObject, arg1, arg2)——这就是self的原理了。

这也意味着如果你有一个不需要参数的方法,你还是得给这个方法定义一个self参数。

示例程序:

>>> class P:
...   def selfDemo(self):
...       print 'Python, why self?'
...
...
>>> p = P()
>>> p.selfDemo()
Python, why self?
>>>
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将selfDemo()中参数换为其他,如selfDemo(x),输出同样结果。

若不加参数,则报错:

>>> class P:
...   def selfDemo(): # have no arguments
...       print 'Python, why self?'
...
...
>>> p = P()
>>> p.selfDemo()
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: selfDemo() takes no arguments (1 given)
>>>
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希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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