使用Python的Tornado框架实现一个一对一聊天的程序
按思路来聊：
类似微信，点击用户可以进入一对一聊天页面；另有聊天框列表包含所有存在聊天记录的一对一聊天框，点击进入聊天页面。
【数据结构】
因为双方都有聊天记录，所以每一个聊天实际上得储存两份，设计的数据结构如下：
A ：
user_a = {“id”:1,”name”:”A”}
B ：
user_b = {“id”:2,”name”:”B”}
A的聊天记录：
chat_a = { “id”:1, “user”:1, “who”:2, “name”:”B”, “new”:0, msg:[]}
B的聊天记录：
chat_b = { “id”:2, “user”:2, “who”:1, “name”:”A”, “new”:0, msg:[]}
msg实际上是个list，结构如下：msg = { “user”:发送者id, “name”:发送者name, “date”:发送时间, “content”:消息内容 }
【业务逻辑】
当A点击好友列表中B的名字–>进入聊天框（根据双方id通过字段user、who找到对应chat_a，chat = coll.find_one({“user”:user_a[‘id'], “who”:user_b[‘id']})；如果该chat不存在，则利用双方id创建chat_a）
发送消息（更新chat_a和chat_b，如果chat_b不存在则创建chat_b；如果chat_b不在线则更新chat_b[‘new'] = 1）
A删除聊天框（删除chat_a）
【记录客户端连接】
由于是多个一对一聊天，所以不能直接用教程里的set来记录连接。
最后的决定是用一个 dict，用双方用户id拼接的字符串作为key，用list存客户端连接。
...SocketHandler(...):
chats = dict()
...
def on_open(self):
...
#通过双方id来生成一个独一无二的字符串
min = user_a['id']
max = user_b['id']
if min >max:
max = user_a['id']
min = user_b['id']
key = str(user_a['id'])+"_"+str(user_b['id'])
#判断当前会话是否存在，存在则添加当前用户
if key in chats:
SocketHandler.chats[key].append(self)
#不存在则创建会话，并将当前用户添加进去
else
SocketHandler.chats[key] = [self]
【发送消息】
从客户端调用send函数，在服务端on_message函数中接受参数后更新双方聊天记录。之后调用send_to_all(key, message)来更新聊天窗口。
【发通知/更新聊天窗口】
更新数据库里的聊天记录后还要在聊天窗口更新html，所以需要通知该会话的连接者。
根据我们记录连接者的方式，对应的通知函数如下：
def send_to_all(key,message):
for user in SocketHandler.chats[key]:
user.write_message(json.dumps(message))
【关闭连接】
根据我们记录连接者的方式，对应的关闭函数如下：
def on_close(self):
...
#用on_open函数中的方法构造key
if key in SocketHandler.chats:
SocketHandler.chats[key].remove(self)#删除当前连接
if len(SocketHandler.chats[key]) == 0:
del SocketHandler.chats[key]#当会话无连接者则删除会话
经过上面的改造，就实现多个一对一聊天功能
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