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Python实现提取文章摘要的方法

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:14 PM
python extract

本文实例讲述了Python实现提取文章摘要的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:

一、概述

在博客系统的文章列表中,为了更有效地呈现文章内容,从而让读者更有针对性地选择阅读,通常会同时提供文章的标题和摘要。

一篇文章的内容可以是纯文本格式的,但在网络盛行的当今,更多是HTML格式的。无论是哪种格式,摘要 一般都是文章 开头部分 的内容,可以按照指定的 字数 来提取。

二、纯文本摘要

纯文本文档 就是一个长字符串,很容易实现对它的摘要提取:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Get a summary of the TEXT-format document"""
def get_summary(text, count):
  u"""Get the first `count` characters from `text`
    >>> text = u'Welcome 这是一篇关于Python的文章'
    >>> get_summary(text, 12) == u'Welcome 这是一篇'
    True
  """
  assert(isinstance(text, unicode))
  return text[0:count]
if __name__ == '__main__':
  import doctest
  doctest.testmod()
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三、HTML摘要

HTML文档 中包含大量标记符(如

等等),这些字符都是标记指令,并且通常是成对出现的,简单的文本截取会破坏HTML的文档结构,进而导致摘要在浏览器中显示不当。

在遵循HTML文档结构的同时,又要对内容进行截取,就需要解析HTML文档。在Python中,可以借助标准库 HTMLParser 来完成。

一个最简单的摘要提取功能,是忽略HTML标记符而只提取标记内部的原生文本。以下就是类似该功能的Python实现:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Get a raw summary of the HTML-format document"""
from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
class SummaryHTMLParser(HTMLParser):
  """Parse HTML text to get a summary
    >>> text = u'<p>Hi guys:</p><p>This is a example using SummaryHTMLParser.</p>'
    >>> parser = SummaryHTMLParser(10)
    >>> parser.feed(text)
    >>> parser.get_summary(u'...')
    u'<p>Higuys:Thi...</p>'
  """
  def __init__(self, count):
    HTMLParser.__init__(self)
    self.count = count
    self.summary = u''
  def feed(self, data):
    """Only accept unicode `data`"""
    assert(isinstance(data, unicode))
    HTMLParser.feed(self, data)
  def handle_data(self, data):
    more = self.count - len(self.summary)
    if more > 0:
      # Remove possible whitespaces in `data`
      data_without_whitespace = u''.join(data.split())
      self.summary += data_without_whitespace[0:more]
  def get_summary(self, suffix=u'', wrapper=u'p'):
    return u'<{0}>{1}{2}</{0}>'.format(wrapper, self.summary, suffix)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  import doctest
  doctest.testmod()
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HTMLParser(或者 BeautifulSoup 等等)更适合完成复杂的HTML摘要提取功能,对于上述简单的HTML摘要提取功能,其实有更简洁的实现方案(相比 SummaryHTMLParser 而言):

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Get a raw summary of the HTML-format document"""
import re
def get_summary(text, count, suffix=u'', wrapper=u'p'):
  """A simpler implementation (vs `SummaryHTMLParser`).
    >>> text = u'<p>Hi guys:</p><p>This is a example using SummaryHTMLParser.</p>'
    >>> get_summary(text, 10, u'...')
    u'<p>Higuys:Thi...</p>'
  """
  assert(isinstance(text, unicode))
  summary = re.sub(r'<.*&#63;>', u'', text) # key difference: use regex
  summary = u''.join(summary.split())[0:count]
  return u'<{0}>{1}{2}</{0}>'.format(wrapper, summary, suffix)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  import doctest
  doctest.testmod()
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希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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