函数：len()
1：作用：返回字符串、列表、字典、元组等长度
2：语法：len(str)
3：参数：
str：要计算的字符串、列表、字典、元组等
4：返回值：字符串、列表、字典、元组等元素的长度
5：实例
5.1、计算字符串的长度：
>>> s = "hello good boy doiido"
>>> len(s)
21
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5.2、计算列表的元素个数：
>>> l = ['h','e','l','l','o']
>>> len(l)
5
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5.3、计算字典的总长度(即键值对总数)：
>>> d = {'num':123,'name':"doiido"}
>>> len(d)
2
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5.4、计算元组元素个数：
>>> t = ('G','o','o','d')
>>> len(t)
4
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