Home Backend Development Python Tutorial Python实现在Linux系统下更改当前进程运行用户

Python实现在Linux系统下更改当前进程运行用户

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:18 PM
linux system python

在上一篇文章中,我们讲了如何在linux上用python写一个守护进程。主要原理是利用linux的fork函数来创建一个进程,然后退出父进程运行,生成的子进程就会成为一个守护进程。细心观察的可能会发现,这个守护进程的运行身份是执行这个程序的用户,如果把这个守护程序加入到系统的服务项,那么这个守护程序的执行身份应该是root。

一个情况出现了,root的权限比较大,如果通过这个root身份的守护程序来进行操作,危险性是比较大的。一种好的办法是生成一个身份为root的master进程用来接受请求,生成若干个woker进程用来处理请求,这样就不会出现权限过大问题。事实上,现在很多软件,nginx,mysql,apache,vsftpd等几乎都是这样做的。

那么,怎么样在linux中更改子进程的运行身份呢?,实际上linux提供了这样的函数,来看一下python代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import time,os,pwd,sys,signal
logfile="/tmp/d2.log"
#step one, get the username you want to running with
try:
    user=sys.argv[1]
except:
    user=raw_input('Please input a username in this machine you want to run this program: ')
if user=="":sys.exit(-1)
try:
    uid=pwd.getpwnam(user)
    uid=uid.pw_uid
except:
    print "Uer not exists!"
    sys.exit(-1)
#step two:Generation of daemon
pid=os.fork()
if(pid):sys.exit(0)
os.setsid()
os.chdir("/")
os.umask(0)
#step three :fork again
pid=os.fork()
if(pid==0):
    os.setuid(uid)
    os.setsid()
    os.chdir("/")
    os.umask(0)
log=open(logfile,'a')
log.write('Daemon start up at %s\n'%(time.strftime('%Y:%m:%d',time.localtime(time.time()))))
log.close()
def reload(a,b):
  log=open(logfile,'a')
  log.write('Daemon reload at %s\n'%(time.strftime('%Y:%m:%d',time.localtime(time.time()))))
  log.close()
while True:
  signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP,reload)
  time.sleep(2)

Copy after login

运行这个程序,输入nginx(nginx为系统中已经添加的用户),然后用ps aux|grep python查看系统当中运行的python程序,可以看到,有一个woker进程的身份已经改变了成为nginx了:

[root@home ~]# ps aux|grep python
root   1139 0.0 0.5  5288 2372 ?    Ss  22:40  0:00 python ./d2.py nginx
nginx   1140 0.0 0.5  5288 2360 ?    S  22:40  0:00 python ./d2.py nginx
root   1151 0.0 0.1  2336  648 pts/0  S+  22:50  0:00 grep python

Copy after login

因为身份为nginx的进程是用来处理请求的,那么一些属于root的权限就不会被进程调用,也可以通过设置文件的权限,对进程操作单个文件进行限制,达到比较好的权限控制效果,减少安全隐患。

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