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Python的另外几种语言实现

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:18 PM
python

Python自身作为一门编程语言,它有多种实现。这里的实现指的是符合Python语言规范的Python解释程序以及标准库等。这些实现虽然实现的是同一种语言,但是彼此之间,特别是与CPython之间还是有些差别的。

下面分别列出几个主要的实现。

1.CPython:这是Python的官方版本,使用C语言实现,使用最为广泛,新的语言特性一般也最先出现在这里。

CPython实现会将源文件(py文件)转换成字节码文件(pyc文件),然后运行在Python虚拟机上。

2.Jython:这是Python的Java实现,相比于CPython,它与Java语言之间的互操作性要远远高于CPython和C语言之间的互操作性。

在Python中可以直接使用Java代码库,这使得使用Python可以方便地为Java程序写测试代码,更进一步,可以在Python中使用Swing等图形库编写GUI程序。

Jython会将Python代码动态编译成Java字节码,然后在JVM上运行转换后的程序,这意味着此时Python程序与Java程序没有区别,只是源代码不一样。

在Python 中写一个类,像使用Java 类一样使用这个类是很容易的事情。

你甚至可以把Jython 脚本静态地编译为Java 字节码。

示例代码:

from java.lang import System
System.out.write('Hello World!\n')
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3.Python for .NET:它实质上是CPython实现的.NET托管版本,它与.NET库和程序代码有很好的互操作性。

4.IronPython:不同于Python for .NET,它是Python的C#实现,并且它将Python代码编译成C#中间代码(与Jython类似),然后运行,它与.NET语言的互操作性也非常好。

5.PyPy:Python的Python实现版本,原理是这样的,PyPy运行在CPython(或者其它实现)之上,用户程序运行在PyPy之上。它的一个目标是成为Python语言自身的试验场,因为可以很容易地修改PyPy解释器的实现(因为它是使用Python写的)。

6.Stackless:CPython的一个局限就是每个Python函数调用都会产生一个C函数调用。 这意味着同时产生的函数调用是有限制的,因此Python难以实现用户级的线程库和复杂递归应用。一旦超越这个限制,程序就会崩溃。Stackless的Python实现突破了这个限制,一个C栈帧可以拥有任意数量的Python栈帧。这样你就能够拥有几乎无穷的函数调用,并能支持巨大数量的线程。Stackless唯一的问题就是它要对现有的CPython解释器做重大修改。所以它几乎是一个独立的分支。另一个名为Greenlets的项目也支持微线程。它是一个标准的C扩展,因此不需要对标准Python解释器做任何修改。

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