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通过C++学习Python

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:18 PM
c++ python

我会随便说,C++ 近年来开始"抄袭" Python 么?我只会说,我在用 C++ 来学习 Python.

不信?来跟着我学?

字面量

Python 早在 2.6 版本中就支持将二进制作为字面量了1, 最近 C++14 逐步成熟,刚刚支持这么干2:

复制代码 代码如下:

static const int primes = 0b10100000100010100010100010101100;

更不用说 Python 在 1.5 时代就有了 raw string literals 的概念3,咱们 C++ 也不算晚,C++11里也有了类似做法:

复制代码 代码如下:

const char* path = r"C:\Python27\Doc";
Range Loop

Python 写 for 循环是一件非常舒畅的事情:

复制代码 代码如下:

for x in mylist:
    print(x);

大家都知道了,C++11里我总算也能做同样的事情了:

复制代码 代码如下:

for (int x : mylist)
    std::cout

类型自动推导

Python 中真的有类型的概念吗?(笑

复制代码 代码如下:

x = "Hello World"
print(x)

C++11 也学会了这招,只不过保留了老太太的裹脚布(auto)。

复制代码 代码如下:

auto x = "Hello World";
std::cout

元组

Python 里的元组(tuple)让人羡慕已久,这玩意 Python 从一开始就有了。

复制代码 代码如下:

triple = (5, "Hello", True)
print(triple[0])

好嘛,我来用 C++11 照猫画虎:

复制代码 代码如下:

auto triple = std::make_tuple(5, "hello", true);
std::cout (triple);

有人说了,Python 大法好,还能逆向解析成变量呢

复制代码 代码如下:

x, y, z = triple

哼,C++难道不行?

复制代码 代码如下:

std::tie(x, y, z) = triple;

Lists

Python 里,Lists 是内置类型4,创建一个 list 无比简单:

复制代码 代码如下:

mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4]
mylist.append(5);

以前我们可以说,这有啥,std::vector差不多也能干这事。可 Python 粉较真了,您能像上面那样初始化吗?这话让 Bjarne Stroustrup 老爹听到了,暗自羞愧,于是在 C++11 里整出了个 initializer_list 做出回应5。

复制代码 代码如下:

auto mylist = std::vector{1,2,3,4};
mylist.push_back(5);

可人又说了,Python 里创造个 Dictionary 简单的跟什么一样6。

复制代码 代码如下:

myDict = {5: "foo", 6: "bar"}
print(myDict[5])

切,C++ 本身就有 map 类型,现在又多了个哈希表 unordered_map,更像了:

复制代码 代码如下:

auto myDict = std::unordered_map{ { 5, "foo" }, { 6, "bar" } };
std::cout

Lambda 表达式

Python 祭出大神器,1994年就有的 Lambda 表达式:

复制代码 代码如下:

mylist.sort(key = lambda x: abs(x))

C++11 开始了拙劣的模仿:

std::sort(mylist.begin(), mylist.end(), [](int x, int y){ return std::abs(x) 而 Python 在 2001 年加了一把力,引入了 Nested Scopes 的技术7:

复制代码 代码如下:

def adder(amount):
return lambda x: x + amount
...
print(adder(5)(5))

C++11 不甘示弱,整出了 capture-list 的概念8。

复制代码 代码如下:

auto adder(int amount) {
    return [=](int x){ return x + amount; };
}
...
std::cout

内置算法

Python 里有诸多内置的强大算法函数,如 filter:

result = filter(mylist, lambda x: x >= 0)
C++11 倒也可以用 std::copy_if 干同样的事情:

复制代码 代码如下:

auto result = std::vector{};
std::copy_if(mylist.begin(), mylist.end(), std::back_inserter(result), [](int x){ return x >= 0; });

这样的函数在 中屡见不鲜,而且都在与 Python 中的某种功能遥相呼应:transform, any_of, all_of, min, max.

可变参数

Python 从一开始就支持可变参数了。你可以定义一个变参的函数,个数可以不确定,类型也可以不一样。

复制代码 代码如下:

def foo(*args):
    for x in args:
        print(x);
foo(5, "hello", True)

C++11 里 initializer_list 可以支持同类型个数可变的参数(C++ Primer 5th 6.2.6)。

复制代码 代码如下:

void foo(std::initializer_list il) {
    for (auto x : il)
        std::cout }

foo({4, 5, 6});

看到这里,你是否发现用 C++ 学习 Python 也不失为一种很妙的方式呢? 从这个问题的答案,可以看出 @Milo Yip 也是同道中人呢。

继续

觉得不错?想要大展拳脚? 看看这个 repo 吧。上面有更多的方式,教你用 C++ 来学习 Python.

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