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Python连接mssql数据库编码问题解决方法

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:18 PM
python

python一直对中文支持的不好,最近老遇到编码问题,而且几乎没有通用的方案来解决这个问题,但是对常见的方法都试过之后,发现还是可以解决的,下面总结了常用的支持中文的编码问题(这些方法中可能其中一个就能解决问题,也可能是多个组合)。

(1)、首先,要保证文件的开头要加上编码设置来说明文件的编码

复制代码 代码如下:

#encoding=utf-8

(2)、然后,在连接数据的连接参数里加上字符集说明查询出的结果的编码,这个不加的后果可能是查询出的汉字字符都是问号
复制代码 代码如下:

conn=pymssql.connect(server='.',user='', password='',database='MyTest',charset='utf8')

(3)、设置python系统的默认编码(对于文件来说,这招几乎屡试不爽,呵呵~~)
复制代码 代码如下:

import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

注意:上述编码是“utf8”,而不是“utf-8”,我也没弄明白,大部分情况下,这个无所谓的,但是这里我试了必须要是“utf8”

一个简单的完整的python连接mssqlserver的例子如下(得安装pymssql包):

复制代码 代码如下:

#encoding:utf8
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
import pymssql
try:
    conn=pymssql.connect(server='.',user='', password='',database='MyTest',charset='utf8')
    sql="select * from UserInfo"

    cur=conn.cursor()
    cur.execute(sql)
    data=cur.fetchall()
    conn.close()
    print data
except Exception,e:
    print e

运行结果如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

[(u'20093501', u'\xb9\xf9\xbe\xb8', u'\u7537 ', 35, u'\xb4\xf3\xcf\xc0'),
 (u'20093502', u'\xbb\xc6\xc8\xd8', u'\u5973 ', 34, u'\xc3\xc0\xc5\xae'),
 (u'20093503', u'\xc1\xee\xba\xfc\xb3\xe5', u'\u7537 ', 25, u'2B\xc7\xe0\xc4\xea'),
 (u'20093504', u'\xc8\xce\xd3\xaf\xd3\xaf', u'\u5973 ', 24, u'\xc6\xaf\xc1\xc1')]
 [Finished in 0.2s]
 
  虽然摆脱了问号和乱码的困扰,但这仍不是我们想要的结果,但这个确实是正确的,因为结果是utf8编码。这个现象确实诡异,请教了许多高手,得知,最好的结果就是逐个字段查询,才能显示中文,整个查询的话,会以utf8的格式显示出来。

  上述代码中第14行data是整个查询的结果,如果指定某个具体的字段,如print data[0][2](表示取查询结果的第一行第三列的字段的值),则会输出中文。

其实不仅仅是mssqlserver数据库,mysql(需下载MySQLdb包)、sqllite(python自带的文件数据库)、mongodb(需下载PyMongo包)等或者是普通文本文件也是类似的解决方案。

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