Python标准库os.path包、glob包使用实例
os.path包
os.path包主要用于处理字符串路径,比如'/home/zikong/doc/file.doc',提取出有用的信息。
import os.path
path = '/home/zikong/doc/file.doc'
print(os.path.basename(path)) # 查询路径中包含的文件名
print(os.path.dirname(path)) # 查询路径中包含的目录
info = os.path.split(path) # 将路径分割成文件名和目录两个部分,放在一个表中返回
path2 = os.path.join('\', 'home', 'zikong', 'doc', 'file.doc') #使用目录名和文件名构成一个路径字符串
p_list = [path, path2]
print(os.path.commonprefix(p_list)) # 查询多个路径的共同部分
os.path.normpath(path) # 去除路径path中的冗余。比如'/home/vamei/../.'被转化为'/home'
#os.path还可以查询文件的相关信息(metadata)。文件的相关信息不存储在文件内部,而是由操作系统
#维护的,关于文件的一些信息(比如文件类型,大小,修改时间)。
import os.path
path = '/home/vamei/doc/file.txt'
print(os.path.exists(path)) # 查询文件是否存在
print(os.path.getsize(path)) # 查询文件大小
print(os.path.getatime(path)) # 查询文件上一次读取的时间
print(os.path.getmtime(path)) # 查询文件上一次修改的时间
print(os.path.isfile(path)) # 路径是否指向常规文件
print(os.path.isdir(path)) # 路径是否指向目录文件
glob包
glob是python自己带的一个文件操作相关模块,内容也不多,用它可以查找符合自己目的的文件,就类似于Windows下的文件搜索,而且也 支持通配符,,?,[]这三个通配符,代表0个或多个字符,?代表一个字符,[]匹配指定范围内的字符,如[0-9]匹配数字。
glob方法: 返回所有匹配的文件路径列表,该方法需要一个参数用来指定匹配的路径字符串(本字符串可以为绝对路径也可以为相对路径),比如:
import glob
glob.glob("/home/zikong/doc/*.doc")
/home/zikong/doc/file1.doc /home/zikong/doc/file2.doc
例子
综合利用两个包写的一个类似于linux下的ls函数:
#coding = utf8
import glob
import os.path
path = '/Users/zikong/Pictures'
def ls(path):
#codinf = utf8
print "--name-- --type-- --size-- --atime-- --mtime-- "
path = path + '/*'
filelist = glob.glob(path)
for filepath in filelist:
out = '%s %s %s %s %s'%(filepath.split('/')[4] ,os.path.isfile(filepath) ,os.path.getsize(filepath) ,os.path.getatime(filepath) ,os.path.getmtime(filepath))
print out
ls(path)
注意
#coding=utf
是为了让python能够显示中文

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