Home Backend Development Python Tutorial python进程类subprocess的一些操作方法例子

python进程类subprocess的一些操作方法例子

Jun 10, 2016 pm 03:18 PM
python subprocess How to operate

subprocess.Popen用来创建子进程。

1)Popen启动新的进程与父进程并行执行,默认父进程不等待新进程结束。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestPopen():
  import subprocess
  p=subprocess.Popen("dir",shell=True)
  for i in range(250) :
    print ("other things")

2)p.wait函数使得父进程等待新创建的进程运行结束,然后再继续父进程的其他任务。且此时可以在p.returncode中得到新进程的返回值。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestWait():
  import subprocess
  import datetime
  print (datetime.datetime.now())
  p=subprocess.Popen("sleep 10",shell=True)
  p.wait()
  print (p.returncode)
  print (datetime.datetime.now())

3) p.poll函数可以用来检测新创建的进程是否结束。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestPoll():
  import subprocess
  import datetime
  import time
  print (datetime.datetime.now())
  p=subprocess.Popen("sleep 10",shell=True)
  t = 1
  while(t     time.sleep(1)
    p.poll()
    print (p.returncode)
    t+=1
  print (datetime.datetime.now())

4) p.kill或p.terminate用来结束创建的新进程,在windows系统上相当于调用TerminateProcess(),在posix系统上相当于发送信号SIGTERM和SIGKILL。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestKillAndTerminate():
    p=subprocess.Popen("notepad.exe")
    t = 1
    while(t       time.sleep(1)
      t +=1
    p.kill()
    #p.terminate()
    print ("new process was killed")

5) p.communicate可以与新进程交互,但是必须要在popen构造时候将管道重定向。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestCommunicate():
  import subprocess
  cmd = "dir"
  p=subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  (stdoutdata, stderrdata) = p.communicate()
 
  if p.returncode != 0:
        print (cmd + "error !")
  #defaultly the return stdoutdata is bytes, need convert to str and utf8
  for r in str(stdoutdata,encoding='utf8' ).split("\n"):
    print (r)
  print (p.returncode)


def TestCommunicate2():
  import subprocess
  cmd = "dir"
  #universal_newlines=True, it means by text way to open stdout and stderr
  p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, universal_newlines=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  curline = p.stdout.readline()

  while(curline != ""):
        print (curline)
        curline = p.stdout.readline()
  p.wait()
  print (p.returncode)

6) call函数可以认为是对popen和wait的分装,直接对call函数传入要执行的命令行,将命令行的退出code返回。

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestCall():
  retcode = subprocess.call("c:\\test.bat")
  print (retcode)

7)subprocess.getoutput 和 subprocess.getstatusoutput ,基本上等价于subprocess.call函数,但是可以返回output,或者同时返回退出code和output。

但是可惜的是好像不能在windows平台使用,在windows上有如下错误:'{' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

复制代码 代码如下:

def TestGetOutput():
  outp = subprocess.getoutput("ls -la")
  print (outp)

def TestGetStatusOutput():
  (status, outp) = subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls -la')
  print (status)
  print (outp)

8)总结

popen的参数,第一个为字符串(或者也可以为多个非命名的参数),表示你要执行的命令和命令的参数;后面的均为命名参数;shell=True,表示你前面的传入的命令将在shell下执行,如果你的命令是个可执行文件或bat,不需要指定此参数;stdout=subprocess.PIPE用来将新进程的输出重定向,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT将新进程的错误输出重定向到stdout,stdin=subprocess.PIPE用来将新进程的输入重定向;universal_newlines=True表示以text的方式打开stdout和stderr。

 其他的不推荐使用的模块:

os.system
os.spawn*
os.popen*
popen2.*
commands.*

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