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PHP的会话处理函数session,会话函数session
PHP Session 变量
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PHP的会话处理函数session,会话函数session

Jun 13, 2016 am 08:38 AM
session

PHP的会话处理函数session,会话函数session

PHP Session 变量

当运行一个应用程序时,你会打开它,做些更改,然后关闭它。这很像一次会话。计算机清楚你是谁。它知道你何时启动应用程序,并在何时终止。但是在因特网上,存在一个问题:服务器不知道你是谁以及你做什么,这是由于 HTTP 地址不能维持状态。

通过在服务器上存储用户信息以便随后使用,PHP session 解决了这个问题(比如用户名称、购买商品等)。不过,会话信息是临时的,在用户离开网站后将被删除。如果需要永久储存信息,可以把数据存储在数据库中。

Session 的工作机制是:为每个访问者创建一个唯一的 id (UID),并基于这个 UID 来存储变量。UID 存储在 cookie 中,亦或通过 URL 进行传导。

1. 开始会话

在把信息储存到session之前,首先要开启会话。php提供了session_start()函数来开始或者继续一个会话。定义:

 1 bool session_start( void ) 

调用如下:

<span>1</span> <span><?</span><span>php session_start();</span><span>?></span>
<span>2</span> <span><</span><span>html</span><span>></span>
<span>3</span> <span><</span><span>body</span><span>></</span><span>body</span><span>></span>
<span>4</span> <span></</span><span>html</span><span>></span>
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注意:

(1)session_start()函数必须位于标签之前,也就是该函数必须在任何输出前调用,常常在写程序时不注意就多输入了一个空格或者回车,这时就会报错。应特别注意这一点。(我可是被坑过)

(2)无论有没有成功创建会话,session_start()函数都会返回TRUE,因此使用任何异常处理都不起作用

(3)还可以启用配置指令session.auto_start,从而不必执行这个函数,但是这样的话,每个php页面执行时都会开始或者继续一个会话。

2.存储或者读取会话

存储和读取session变量的正确方法是使用php的$_SESSION变量。$_SESSION是php提供的全局参数,专门用来存储和读取session。(注意关联数组的键名和普通变量的命名规则一致)

存储会话时,可以对其直接赋值。

1 $_SESSION[‘season’] = '秋天';

以上设置了一个键名为“season”的会话元素,其值为“秋天”。当读取时,就像调用普通数组元素一样。

下面的两段代码显示怎么存储并读取一个会话元素。

这是session1.php文件:

<span> 1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span> 2</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span> 3</span> <span> * Created by PhpStorm.
</span><span> 4</span> <span> * User: yuxiu
</span><span> 5</span> <span> * Date: 2016/5/26
</span><span> 6</span> <span> * Time: 14:11
</span><span> 7</span>  <span>*/</span>
<span> 8</span> <span>if</span>(<span>isset</span>(<span>$_POST</span>['submit'<span>])){
</span><span> 9</span>     <span>session_start</span>();                                <span>//</span><span>开始建立一个会话</span>
<span>10</span>     <span>$_SESSION</span>['season'] = <span>$_POST</span>['season'];       <span>//</span><span>存储会话数据</span>
<span>11</span>     <span>header</span>("Location: session2.php");            <span>//</span><span>应特别注意header()里的格式问题</span>
<span>12</span> 
<span>13</span> 
<span>14</span> <span>}
</span><span>15</span> ?>
<span>16</span> <b>存储会话</b>
<span>17</span> <hr/>
<span>18</span> <span>选择需要设置的数据:
</span><span>19</span> <form name="form1" method="post" action="" id="form1" >
<span>20</span>     <select name="season" id="season_select" >
<span>21</span>         <option value="春天">春天</option>
<span>22</span>         <option value="夏天">夏天</option>
<span>23</span>         <option value="秋天">秋天</option>
<span>24</span>         <option value="冬天">冬天</option>
<span>25</span>     </select>
<span>26</span>     <br/>
<span>27</span>     <br/>
<span>28</span>     <br/>
<span>29</span>    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit"/>
<span>30</span> </form>
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这是session2.php文件:

<span> 1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span> 2</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span> 3</span> <span> * Created by PhpStorm.
</span><span> 4</span> <span> * User: yuxiu
</span><span> 5</span> <span> * Date: 2016/5/26
</span><span> 6</span> <span> * Time: 14:13
</span><span> 7</span>  <span>*/</span>
<span> 8</span> <span>session_start</span>();    <span>//</span><span>建立或者继续一个会话</span>
<span> 9</span> <span>$season</span> = <span>$_SESSION</span>['season'];       <span>//</span><span>读取会话数据</span>
<span>10</span> 
<span>11</span> <span>echo</span> "<b>读取会话</b><br/><br/>"<span>;
</span><span>12</span> <span>switch</span> (<span>$season</span><span>) {
</span><span>13</span>     <span>case</span> '春天'<span>;
</span><span>14</span>         <span>echo</span> '现在是绿意盎然的春天!'<span>;
</span><span>15</span>         <span>break</span><span>;
</span><span>16</span>     <span>case</span> '夏天'<span>;
</span><span>17</span>         <span>echo</span> '现在是热情四溢的夏天!'<span>;
</span><span>18</span>         <span>break</span><span>;
</span><span>19</span>     <span>case</span> '秋天'<span>;
</span><span>20</span>         <span>echo</span> '现在是丰收果实的秋天!'<span>;
</span><span>21</span>         <span>break</span><span>;
</span><span>22</span>     <span>case</span> '冬天'<span>;
</span><span>23</span>         <span>echo</span> '现在是白雪皑皑的冬天!'<span>;
</span><span>24</span>         <span>break</span><span>;
</span><span>25</span>     <span>default</span><span> ;
</span><span>26</span>         <span>echo</span> '对不起,会话中没有数据  或者  不存在该对话 !'<span>;
</span><span>27</span> <span>}
</span><span>28</span> ?>
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在session1.php中首先使用session_start()创建一个会话,然后对提交的季节数据使用数组赋值的方式存储,最后使用header()函数直接跳转到开始。在session2.php文件中,也同样需要session_start()函数继续一个会话并利用session数组调用会话信息。

3.销毁会话

当会话不再被使用的时候,就需要人为的销毁它,虽然php有自动销毁会话的功能,但这样会使程序的效率变低。可以使用unset()函数或者session_destroy()函数。

<?<span>php
 </span><span>unset</span>(<span>$_SESSION</span>['season'<span>]);
</span>?>
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或者:

<?<span>php
 </span><span>session_destroy</span><span>();     //注意,使用这个函数将重置session数组,即失去所有的已经储存的session数据
</span>?>
Copy after login

 

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