Table of Contents
配置Nginx+PHP的正确思路与过程,配置nginxphp思路
Home php教程 php手册 配置Nginx+PHP的正确思路与过程,配置nginxphp思路

配置Nginx+PHP的正确思路与过程,配置nginxphp思路

Jun 13, 2016 am 08:40 AM
nginx php Configuration

配置Nginx+PHP的正确思路与过程,配置nginxphp思路

对很多人而言,配置Nginx+PHP无外乎就是搜索一篇教程,然后拷贝粘贴。听上去似乎也没什么问题,可惜实际上网络上很多资料本身年久失修,漏洞百出,如果大家不求甚解,一味的拷贝粘贴,早晚有一天会为此付出代价。

如何正确配置 Nginx+PHP

假设我们用PHP实现了一个前端控制器,或者直白点说就是统一入口:把PHP请求都发送到同一个文件上,然后在此文件里通过解析「REQUEST_URI」实现路由。

一般这样配置

此时很多教程会教大家这样配置Nginx+PHP:

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name foo.com;

  root /path;

  location / {
    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    if (!-e $request_filename) {
      rewrite . /index.php last;
    }
  }

  location ~ /.php$ {
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /path$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
  }
}

Copy after login

这里面有很多错误,或者说至少是坏味道的地方,大家看看能发现几个。

我们有必要先了解一下Nginx配置文件里指令的继承关系:

Nginx配置文件分为好多块,常见的从外到内依次是「http」、「server」、「location」等等,缺省的继承关系是从外到内,也就是说内层块会自动获取外层块的值作为缺省值。

让我们先从「index」指令入手吧

在问题配置中它是在「location」中定义的:

location / {
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
Copy after login

一旦未来需要加入新的「location」,必然会出现重复定义的「index」指令,这是因为多个「location」是平级的关系,不存在继承,此时应该在「server」里定义「index」,借助继承关系,「index」指令在所有的「location」中都能生效。

接下来看看「if」指令

说它是大家误解最深的Nginx指令毫不为过:

if (!-e $request_filename) {
  rewrite . /index.php last;
}
Copy after login

很多人喜欢用「if」指令做一系列的检查,不过这实际上是「try_files」指令的职责:

try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php;
除此以外,初学者往往会认为「if」指令是内核级的指令,但是实际上它是rewrite模块的一部分,加上Nginx配置实际上是声明式的,而非过程式的,所以当其和非rewrite模块的指令混用时,结果可能会非你所愿。

下面看看「fastcgi_params」配置文件

include fastcgi_params;
Nginx有两份fastcgi配置文件,分别是「fastcgi_params」和「fastcgi.conf」,它们没有太大的差异,唯一的区别是后者比前者多了一行「SCRIPT_FILENAME」的定义:

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
注意:$document_root 和 $fastcgi_script_name 之间没有 /。

原本Nginx只有「fastcgi_params」,后来发现很多人在定义「SCRIPT_FILENAME」时使用了硬编码的方式,于是为了规范用法便引入了「fastcgi.conf」。

不过这样的话就产生一个疑问:为什么一定要引入一个新的配置文件,而不是修改旧的配置文件?这是因为「fastcgi_param」指令是数组型的,和普通指令相同的是:内层替换外层;和普通指令不同的是:当在同级多次使用的时候,是新增而不是替换。换句话说,如果在同级定义两次「SCRIPT_FILENAME」,那么它们都会被发送到后端,这可能会导致一些潜在的问题,为了避免此类情况,便引入了一个新的配置文件。

此外,我们还需要考虑一个安全问题:在PHP开启「cgi.fix_pathinfo」的情况下,PHP可能会把错误的文件类型当作PHP文件来解析。如果Nginx和PHP安装在同一台服务器上的话,那么最简单的解决方法是用「try_files」指令做一次过滤:

try_files $uri =404;

改良后的版本

依照前面的分析,给出一份改良后的版本,是不是比开始的版本清爽了很多:

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name foo.com;

  root /path;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;

  location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
  }

  location ~ /.php$ {
    try_files $uri =404;

    include fastcgi.conf;
    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  }
}
Copy after login

如何正确配置 Nginx + PHP,相信大家应该有了自己的认识了吧!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Repo: How To Revive Teammates
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

CakePHP Date and Time CakePHP Date and Time Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:27 PM

To work with date and time in cakephp4, we are going to make use of the available FrozenTime class.

CakePHP File upload CakePHP File upload Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:27 PM

To work on file upload we are going to use the form helper. Here, is an example for file upload.

Discuss CakePHP Discuss CakePHP Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:28 PM

CakePHP is an open-source framework for PHP. It is intended to make developing, deploying and maintaining applications much easier. CakePHP is based on a MVC-like architecture that is both powerful and easy to grasp. Models, Views, and Controllers gu

How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

CakePHP Creating Validators CakePHP Creating Validators Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:26 PM

Validator can be created by adding the following two lines in the controller.

CakePHP Quick Guide CakePHP Quick Guide Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:27 PM

CakePHP is an open source MVC framework. It makes developing, deploying and maintaining applications much easier. CakePHP has a number of libraries to reduce the overload of most common tasks.

CakePHP Logging CakePHP Logging Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:26 PM

Logging in CakePHP is a very easy task. You just have to use one function. You can log errors, exceptions, user activities, action taken by users, for any background process like cronjob. Logging data in CakePHP is easy. The log() function is provide

See all articles