配置Nginx+PHP的正确思路与过程,配置nginxphp思路
配置Nginx+PHP的正确思路与过程,配置nginxphp思路
对很多人而言,配置Nginx+PHP无外乎就是搜索一篇教程,然后拷贝粘贴。听上去似乎也没什么问题,可惜实际上网络上很多资料本身年久失修,漏洞百出,如果大家不求甚解,一味的拷贝粘贴,早晚有一天会为此付出代价。
如何正确配置 Nginx+PHP
假设我们用PHP实现了一个前端控制器,或者直白点说就是统一入口:把PHP请求都发送到同一个文件上,然后在此文件里通过解析「REQUEST_URI」实现路由。
一般这样配置
此时很多教程会教大家这样配置Nginx+PHP:
server { listen 80; server_name foo.com; root /path; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite . /index.php last; } } location ~ /.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /path$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; } }
这里面有很多错误,或者说至少是坏味道的地方,大家看看能发现几个。
我们有必要先了解一下Nginx配置文件里指令的继承关系:
Nginx配置文件分为好多块,常见的从外到内依次是「http」、「server」、「location」等等,缺省的继承关系是从外到内,也就是说内层块会自动获取外层块的值作为缺省值。
让我们先从「index」指令入手吧
在问题配置中它是在「location」中定义的:
location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; }
一旦未来需要加入新的「location」,必然会出现重复定义的「index」指令,这是因为多个「location」是平级的关系,不存在继承,此时应该在「server」里定义「index」,借助继承关系,「index」指令在所有的「location」中都能生效。
接下来看看「if」指令
说它是大家误解最深的Nginx指令毫不为过:
if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite . /index.php last; }
很多人喜欢用「if」指令做一系列的检查,不过这实际上是「try_files」指令的职责:
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php;
除此以外,初学者往往会认为「if」指令是内核级的指令,但是实际上它是rewrite模块的一部分,加上Nginx配置实际上是声明式的,而非过程式的,所以当其和非rewrite模块的指令混用时,结果可能会非你所愿。
下面看看「fastcgi_params」配置文件
include fastcgi_params;
Nginx有两份fastcgi配置文件,分别是「fastcgi_params」和「fastcgi.conf」,它们没有太大的差异,唯一的区别是后者比前者多了一行「SCRIPT_FILENAME」的定义:
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
注意:$document_root 和 $fastcgi_script_name 之间没有 /。
原本Nginx只有「fastcgi_params」,后来发现很多人在定义「SCRIPT_FILENAME」时使用了硬编码的方式,于是为了规范用法便引入了「fastcgi.conf」。
不过这样的话就产生一个疑问:为什么一定要引入一个新的配置文件,而不是修改旧的配置文件?这是因为「fastcgi_param」指令是数组型的,和普通指令相同的是:内层替换外层;和普通指令不同的是:当在同级多次使用的时候,是新增而不是替换。换句话说,如果在同级定义两次「SCRIPT_FILENAME」,那么它们都会被发送到后端,这可能会导致一些潜在的问题,为了避免此类情况,便引入了一个新的配置文件。
此外,我们还需要考虑一个安全问题:在PHP开启「cgi.fix_pathinfo」的情况下,PHP可能会把错误的文件类型当作PHP文件来解析。如果Nginx和PHP安装在同一台服务器上的话,那么最简单的解决方法是用「try_files」指令做一次过滤:
try_files $uri =404;
改良后的版本
依照前面的分析,给出一份改良后的版本,是不是比开始的版本清爽了很多:
server { listen 80; server_name foo.com; root /path; index index.html index.htm index.php; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args; } location ~ /.php$ { try_files $uri =404; include fastcgi.conf; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; } }
如何正确配置 Nginx + PHP,相信大家应该有了自己的认识了吧!

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