PHP模板引擎Smarty内建函数section,sectionelse用法详解，smartysectionelse
PHP模板引擎Smarty内建函数section,sectionelse用法详解，smartysectionelse
本文实例讲述了PHP模板引擎Smarty内建函数section,sectionelse用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
section 是 Smarty 模板中除了 foreach 以外的另一种处理循环的方案，section 比 foreach 要灵活，就像是一个改进的 foreach 语句，除了拥有相同的循环特性外，还提供了很多附加选项，可以更好的控制循环的执行。在模板中，必须使用成对的 section 标记，有两个必须设置的属性 name 和 loop ，关于 section 的属性请看下表：
| 属性 | 类型 | 是否必须 | 缺省值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | string | Yes | n/a | 该循环的名称 |
| loop | [$variable_name] | Yes | n/a | 决定循环次数的变量名称 |
| start | integer | No | 0 | 循环执行的初始位置. 如果该值为负数，开始位置从数组的尾部算起. 例如：如果数组中有7个元素，指定start为-2，那么指向当前数组的索引为5. 非法值(超过了循环数组的下限)将被自动调整为最接近的合法值. |
| step | integer | No | 1 | 该值决定循环的步长. 例如指定step=2将只遍历下标为0、2、4等的元素. 如果step为负值，那么遍历数组的时候从后向前遍历. |
| max | integer | No | 1 | 设定循环最大执行次数. |
| show | boolean | No | true | 决定是否显示该循环. |
我们通过一个实例，来演示 Smarty 中 {section} 和 {sectionelse} 的使用。
实例思路：从数据库中取出内容，赋给一个数组变量 $_html ，再给这个数组变量分配给模板，然后在模板中进行该数组的遍历。
数据库、主文件 index.php，Smarty 模板初始化文件 init.inc.php，可参考前面一篇《PHP模板引擎Smarty内建函数foreach,foreachelse用法分析》
/tpl/index.tpl
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>section,sectionelse</title>
</head>
<body>
<table align="center" border="1" width="800">
<tr>
<th>编号(iteration)</th>
<th>编号(rownum)</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>电子邮件</th>
<th>添加时间</th>
</tr>
<{section loop=$data name="ls" max="100" start="0" step="2" }> <!-- 使用 section 遍历数组 $data，max 表示最多可以循环多少条，start 表示从哪个数组下标开始显示，step决定了循环的步长，如果设置为2，那么将遍历下标为0,2,4……的元素 -->
<!-- 在此，我们做几个保留变量 $smarty.section 的操作 -->
<!-- 当数据显示第一条的时候，第一行的表格背景为黄色，使用属性：first -->
<!-- 当数据显示最后一条的时候，最后一行的表格背景为蓝色,使用属性：last -->
<{if $smarty.section.ls.first}>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFFF00">
<{elseif $smarty.section.ls.last}>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#0000FF">
<{else}>
<tr align="center">
<{/if}>
<td><{$smarty.section.ls.iteration}></td> <!-- iteration 是保留变量中显示行号的属性 -->
<td><{$smarty.section.ls.rownum}></td> <!-- rownum 是保留变量中显示行号的属性 -->
<td><{$data[ls].username}></td> <!-- 输出数组第二维下标为 username 的元素值 -->
<td><{$data[ls].email}></td> <!-- 输出数组第二维下标为 email 的元素值 -->
<td><{$data[ls].addTime}></td> <!-- 输出数组第二维下标为 addTime 的元素值 -->
</tr>
<{sectionelse}> <!-- 如果分配过来的数组没有内容的话，显示下面内容 -->
<tr>
<td colspan="5">对不起！暂时没有数据。</td>
</tr>
<{/section}>
<{if $data}> <!-- 如果循环的次数不为空的话，那么使用 Smarty 的保留变量 {$smarty.section} 显示出循环的次数 -->
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="5">循环的次数为：<{$smarty.section.ls.total}></td>
</tr>
<{/if}>
</table>
</body>
</html>
执行结果：
section 循环区域中可以使用的变量
| 变量名 | 描述 |
| index | 用于显示当前循环的索引，从 0 开始（如果设置了 start 属性，那么就由该值开始），每次加 1，（如果指定了 step 属性，那么由该值决定） |
| index_prev | 用于显示上一个循环索引值，循环开始时，此值为 -1 |
| index_next | 用于显示下一个循环索引值，循环执行到最后一次时，此值仍然比当前索引值大 1（如果指定了 step 属性，那么由该值决定） |
| iteration | 用于显示循环的次数 |
| first | 当前 section 循环在第一次执行时该变量的值为 true |
| last | 当前 section 循环在最后一次执行时该变量的值为 true |
| rownum | 用于显示循环的次数，该属性是 iteration 的别名，两者相同 |
| loop | 用于显示该循环上一次循环时的索引值，该值可以用于循环内部或循环结束后 |
| show | 是 section 的参数，show 取值为布尔值 true 和 false,如果设置为false，该循环将不显示。如果指定了 sectionelse 子句，该子句是否显示也取决于该值 |
| total | 用于显示循环执行的次数。不仅可以在循环中，也可以在执行结束后调用此属性 |
更多关于PHP相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《smarty模板入门基础教程》、《PHP模板技术总结》、《PHP基于pdo操作数据库技巧总结》、《PHP运算与运算符用法总结》、《PHP网络编程技巧总结》、《PHP基本语法入门教程》、《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《php字符串(string)用法总结》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》
希望本文所述对大家基于smarty模板的PHP程序设计有所帮助。
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