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PHP中调用C/C++制作的动态链接库的教程,php动态链接库
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PHP中调用C/C++制作的动态链接库的教程,php动态链接库

Jun 13, 2016 am 08:44 AM
c language php transfer

PHP中调用C/C++制作的动态链接库的教程,php动态链接库

一般而言,php速度已经比较快,但是,对于一些较高级开发者而言,如果想要追求更快的速度,那毫无疑问可以通过自己写c代码,并编译为动态链接库(常为.so文件),然后php通过创建一个新的扩展(extension),并在扩展里调用该.so文件,同时对外暴露出php函数接口。
在实际使用中,只要调用该函数接口,即可使用底层更快速的c函数服务。

一、动态链接库(shared)

动态链接库的文件名后缀通常是 ".so"。在Windows系统中,其文件名后缀是".dll"。

程序如果是和动态连接库进行链接(link),程序运行时需要能够找到相应的动态链接库文件。

使用动态链接库存编译的程序在运行时要求用户的机器上必需也安装了相应的动态链接库文件,这些库文件需要放置在特定的目录,以让程序能够加载这些库。

虽然这似乎没有使用静态链接库的程序使用方便,但却减少了程序的大小。对于那些会被很多程序使用到的库,使用动态链接的好处就更加明显了。

动态链接库的制作:

gcc -shared -fPIC -o libmylib.so mylib.c  ; # 编译成为shared library
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选项-fPIC在AMD64上是必须的,其它平台是则不是必要选项。

包含静态链接库到动态链接库中

编译动态链接库时,如果需要链接静态库,并把链接库的内容包含到要编译的动态库中,可以使用选项-Wl,--whole-archive。

例如:

gcc -shared -o libmylib.so -Wl,--whole-archive libmylib.a \
  -Wl,--no-whole-archive libother.a
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上面的-Wl表示传递给linker(链接器)。

二、调用动态C/C++链接库
下面,本文的开发环境背景是CentOS release 6.5 。为了能够调用c库,我们的php 5.6.9,apache 2.4均是下载源码并编译的,不可直接通过yum安装!请注意。至于php和apache的源码编译本文不提,只要注意在configure打开合适开关即可。

具体步骤如下:
将共享库.so添加入系统配置中(假设共享库名为 'libhello.so')

 cp libhello.so /usr/local/lib
 echo /usr/local/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf
 /sbin/ldconfig
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在php/ext目录下创建扩展头文件,取名为myfunctions.def
在该文件里填写c函数声明即可。每个函数一行。

 string hello(int a)
 int hello_add(int a, int b)
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使用ext_skel搭建扩展骨架

./ext_skel --extname=myfunctions --proto=myfunctions.def
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打开config.m4 中的enable开关

 PHP_ARG_ENABLE(myfunctions, whether to enable myfunctions support, 
 [ --enable-myfunctions        Include myfunctions support])
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上面把扩展骨架建立好了,下面重新配置php (下面是我个人配置文件,读者需要结合自己情况修改)

 ./buildconf --force  //生成新配置脚本
 './configure' '--prefix=/usr/local/php' '--with-libdir=lib64' '--enable-fpm' '--with-fpm-user=php-fpm' '--with-fpm-group=www--enable-mysqlnd' '--with-mysql=mysqlnd' '--with-mysqli=mysqlnd' '--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd' '--enable-opcache' '--enable-pcntl' '--enable-mbstring' '--enable-soap' '--enable-zip' '--enable-calendar' '--enable-bcmath' '--enable-exif' '--enable-ftp' '--enable-intl' '--with-openssl' '--with-zlib' '--with-curl' '--with-gd' '--with-zlib-dir=/usr/lib' '--with-png-dir=/usr/lib' '--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib' '--with-gettext' '--with-mhash' '--with-ldap' '--disable-fileinfo' '--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc' '--with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs' '--enable-myfunctions' // 配置
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记住!一定在末尾加上 —enable-myfunctions 。这样子才会被编译进php中。
当扩展编译进去了之后,就可以开始修改扩展里的myfunctions.c文件,在里面可以添加php->c的转接函数,在转接函数里可以调用.so内的函数。
比如要添加一个hello_add的php函数,里面可以调用c函数add(int a, int b)
a. 添加函数声明

PHP_FE(hello_add, NULL)
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b. 添加php函数

PHP_FUNCTION(hello_add){ ... }
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注意,在该函数里,如果调用了.so文件里的接口函数,那么待会在make的时候,要指定所使用的.so共享库,该共享库必须完成第1步中添加到系统配置的操作。
如果调用了.so文件,那么要在php/Makefile中添加

Extra_LDFLAG = -lhello //对应前面的libhello.so
Extra_libs = -lhello
(make clean)
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每次修改完上面的c文件,都要重新make

make
make install
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重启apache服务器

httpd -k restart
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在phpinfo里可以看到新扩展,可以直接在php调用新扩展内的函数。


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