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PHP的数组中提高元素查找与元素去重的效率的技巧解析,php数组
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PHP的数组中提高元素查找与元素去重的效率的技巧解析,php数组

Jun 13, 2016 am 08:45 AM
php Two-dimensional array element

PHP的数组中提高元素查找与元素去重的效率的技巧解析,php数组

提高查找数组元素的效率
1.php in_array方法说明

php查找数组元素是否存在,一般会使用in_array方法。

bool in_array ( mixed $needle , array $haystack [, bool $strict = FALSE ] )

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参数说明:
needle
待搜索的值,如果needle是字符串,比较是区分大小写的。

haystack
用来比较的数组

strict
如果第三个参数 strict 的值为 TRUE 则 in_array() 函数还会检查 needle 的类型是否和 haystack 中的相同

返回值
如果找到 needle 则返回 TRUE,否则返回 FALSE。


2.in_array查找元素效率

当比较的数组haystack较大时,in_array效率会很低

例子:使用in_array对有10万个元素的数组进行1000次比较

<&#63;php
$arr = array();

// 创建10万个元素的数组
for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){
  $arr[] = $i;
}

// 记录开始时间
$starttime = getMicrotime();

// 随机创建1000个数字使用in_array比较
for($j=0; $j<1000; $j++){
  $str = mt_rand(1,99999);
  in_array($str, $arr);
}

// 记录结束时间
$endtime = getMicrotime();

echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>';

/**
 * 获取microtime
 * @return float
 */
function getMicrotime(){
  list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime());
  return (float)$usec + (float)$sec;
}
&#63;>

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run time:2003.6449432373ms

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使用in_array判断元素是否存在,在10万个元素的数组中比较1000次,运行时间需要约2秒


3.提高查找元素效率方法

我们可以先使用array_flip进行键值互换,然后使用isset方法来判断元素是否存在,这样可以提高效率。

例子:使用array_flip先进行键值互换,再使用isset方法判断,在10万个元素的数组中比较1000次

<&#63;php
$arr = array();

// 创建10万个元素的数组
for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){
  $arr[] = $i;
}

// 键值互换
$arr = array_flip($arr);

// 记录开始时间
$starttime = getMicrotime();

// 随机创建1000个数字使用isset比较
for($j=0; $j<1000; $j++){
  $str = mt_rand(1,99999);
  isset($arr[$str]);
}

// 记录结束时间
$endtime = getMicrotime();

echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>';

/**
 * 获取microtime
 * @return float
 */
function getMicrotime(){
  list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime());
  return (float)$usec + (float)$sec;
}
&#63;>

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run time:1.2781620025635ms

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使用array_flip与isset判断元素是否存在,在10万个元素的数组中比较1000次,运行时间需要约1.2毫秒


因此,对于大数组进行比较,使用array_flip与isset方法会比in_array效率高很多。


快速去重
1.使用array_unique方法进行去重

对数组元素进行去重,我们一般会使用array_unique方法,使用这个方法可以把数组中的元素去重。

<&#63;php
$arr = array(1,1,2,3,3,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,8,8,9,9,9);
$arr = array_unique($arr);
$arr = array_values($arr);
print_r($arr);
&#63;>

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输出:

Array
(
  [0] => 1
  [1] => 2
  [2] => 3
  [3] => 4
  [4] => 5
  [5] => 6
  [6] => 7
  [7] => 8
  [8] => 9
)

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去重后,键值会不按顺序,可以使用array_values把键值重新排序。


2.使用array_unique方法去重效率

<&#63;php
$arr = array();

// 创建100000个随机元素的数组
for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){
  $arr[] = mt_rand(1,99);
}

// 记录开始时间
$starttime = getMicrotime();

// 去重
$arr = array_unique($arr);

// 记录结束时间
$endtime = getMicrotime();

$arr = array_values($arr);

echo 'unique count:'.count($arr).'<br>';
echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>';
echo 'use memory:'.getUseMemory();

/**
 * 获取使用内存
 * @return float
 */
function getUseMemory(){
  $use_memory = round(memory_get_usage(true)/1024,2).'kb';
  return $use_memory;
}

/**
 * 获取microtime
 * @return float
 */
function getMicrotime(){
  list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime());
  return (float)$usec + (float)$sec;
}
&#63;>

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unique count:99 
run time:653.39303016663ms 
use memory:5120kb

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使用array_unique方法去重,运行时间需要约650ms,内存占用约5m


3.更快的数组去重方法

php有一个键值互换的方法array_flip,我们可以使用这个方法去重,因为键值互换,原来重复的值会变为相同的键。
然后再进行一次键值互换,把键和值换回来则可以完成去重。

<&#63;php
$arr = array();

// 创建100000个随机元素的数组
for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){
  $arr[] = mt_rand(1,99);
}

// 记录开始时间
$starttime = getMicrotime();

// 使用键值互换去重
$arr = array_flip($arr);
$arr = array_flip($arr);

// 记录结束时间
$endtime = getMicrotime();

$arr = array_values($arr);

echo 'unique count:'.count($arr).'<br>';
echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>';
echo 'use memory:'.getUseMemory();

/**
 * 获取使用内存
 * @return float
 */
function getUseMemory(){
  $use_memory = round(memory_get_usage(true)/1024,2).'kb';
  return $use_memory;
}

/**
 * 获取microtime
 * @return float
 */
function getMicrotime(){
  list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime());
  return (float)$usec + (float)$sec;
}
&#63;>

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unique count:99 
run time:12.840032577515ms 
use memory:768kb

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使用array_flip方法去重,运行时间需要约18ms,内存占用约2m

因此使用array_flip方法去重比使用array_unique方法运行时间减少98%,内存占用减少4/5;

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