PHP的数组中提高元素查找与元素去重的效率的技巧解析,php数组
PHP的数组中提高元素查找与元素去重的效率的技巧解析,php数组
提高查找数组元素的效率
1.php in_array方法说明
php查找数组元素是否存在,一般会使用in_array方法。
bool in_array ( mixed $needle , array $haystack [, bool $strict = FALSE ] )
参数说明:
needle
待搜索的值,如果needle是字符串,比较是区分大小写的。
haystack
用来比较的数组
strict
如果第三个参数 strict 的值为 TRUE 则 in_array() 函数还会检查 needle 的类型是否和 haystack 中的相同
返回值
如果找到 needle 则返回 TRUE,否则返回 FALSE。
2.in_array查找元素效率
当比较的数组haystack较大时,in_array效率会很低
例子:使用in_array对有10万个元素的数组进行1000次比较
<?php $arr = array(); // 创建10万个元素的数组 for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ $arr[] = $i; } // 记录开始时间 $starttime = getMicrotime(); // 随机创建1000个数字使用in_array比较 for($j=0; $j<1000; $j++){ $str = mt_rand(1,99999); in_array($str, $arr); } // 记录结束时间 $endtime = getMicrotime(); echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>'; /** * 获取microtime * @return float */ function getMicrotime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec; } ?>
run time:2003.6449432373ms
使用in_array判断元素是否存在,在10万个元素的数组中比较1000次,运行时间需要约2秒
3.提高查找元素效率方法
我们可以先使用array_flip进行键值互换,然后使用isset方法来判断元素是否存在,这样可以提高效率。
例子:使用array_flip先进行键值互换,再使用isset方法判断,在10万个元素的数组中比较1000次
<?php $arr = array(); // 创建10万个元素的数组 for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ $arr[] = $i; } // 键值互换 $arr = array_flip($arr); // 记录开始时间 $starttime = getMicrotime(); // 随机创建1000个数字使用isset比较 for($j=0; $j<1000; $j++){ $str = mt_rand(1,99999); isset($arr[$str]); } // 记录结束时间 $endtime = getMicrotime(); echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>'; /** * 获取microtime * @return float */ function getMicrotime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec; } ?>
run time:1.2781620025635ms
使用array_flip与isset判断元素是否存在,在10万个元素的数组中比较1000次,运行时间需要约1.2毫秒
因此,对于大数组进行比较,使用array_flip与isset方法会比in_array效率高很多。
快速去重
1.使用array_unique方法进行去重
对数组元素进行去重,我们一般会使用array_unique方法,使用这个方法可以把数组中的元素去重。
<?php $arr = array(1,1,2,3,3,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,8,8,9,9,9); $arr = array_unique($arr); $arr = array_values($arr); print_r($arr); ?>
输出:
Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5 [5] => 6 [6] => 7 [7] => 8 [8] => 9 )
去重后,键值会不按顺序,可以使用array_values把键值重新排序。
2.使用array_unique方法去重效率
<?php $arr = array(); // 创建100000个随机元素的数组 for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ $arr[] = mt_rand(1,99); } // 记录开始时间 $starttime = getMicrotime(); // 去重 $arr = array_unique($arr); // 记录结束时间 $endtime = getMicrotime(); $arr = array_values($arr); echo 'unique count:'.count($arr).'<br>'; echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>'; echo 'use memory:'.getUseMemory(); /** * 获取使用内存 * @return float */ function getUseMemory(){ $use_memory = round(memory_get_usage(true)/1024,2).'kb'; return $use_memory; } /** * 获取microtime * @return float */ function getMicrotime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec; } ?>
unique count:99 run time:653.39303016663ms use memory:5120kb
使用array_unique方法去重,运行时间需要约650ms,内存占用约5m
3.更快的数组去重方法
php有一个键值互换的方法array_flip,我们可以使用这个方法去重,因为键值互换,原来重复的值会变为相同的键。
然后再进行一次键值互换,把键和值换回来则可以完成去重。
<?php $arr = array(); // 创建100000个随机元素的数组 for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ $arr[] = mt_rand(1,99); } // 记录开始时间 $starttime = getMicrotime(); // 使用键值互换去重 $arr = array_flip($arr); $arr = array_flip($arr); // 记录结束时间 $endtime = getMicrotime(); $arr = array_values($arr); echo 'unique count:'.count($arr).'<br>'; echo 'run time:'.(float)(($endtime-$starttime)*1000).'ms<br>'; echo 'use memory:'.getUseMemory(); /** * 获取使用内存 * @return float */ function getUseMemory(){ $use_memory = round(memory_get_usage(true)/1024,2).'kb'; return $use_memory; } /** * 获取microtime * @return float */ function getMicrotime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec; } ?>
unique count:99 run time:12.840032577515ms use memory:768kb
使用array_flip方法去重,运行时间需要约18ms,内存占用约2m
因此使用array_flip方法去重比使用array_unique方法运行时间减少98%,内存占用减少4/5;
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