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PHP编写RESTful接口,php编写restful
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PHP编写RESTful接口,php编写restful

Jun 13, 2016 am 08:45 AM
php restful restful interface

PHP编写RESTful接口,php编写restful

首先我们来认识下RESTful

Restful是一种设计风格而不是标准,比如一个接口原本是这样的: http://www.test.com/user/view/id/1

表示获取id为1的用户信息,如果使用Restful风格,可以变成这样:

http://www.test.com/user/1

可以很明显的看出这样做的好处:

1、更简洁的URL,对程序员友好

2、不暴露内部代码结构,更安全

那么,如何实现这个接口呢?首先,我们需要接收到/user/1部分。

$path = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']; 
$arr = explode('/',$path); 
print_r($arr);
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得到下面的结果:

Array ( [0] => [1] => User [2] => 1 )
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获取到了参数,下面的操作就很简单了:

if($arr[1] == 'user'){ 
$model = new UserModel(); 
$id = $arr[2]; //读取用户信息 
$user_info = $model->find($id); 
echo json_encode($user_info); 
}
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这样,我们就实现了一个Restful风格的API。

下面,我们再看如何实现读取用户列表的接口,传统方式: http://www.test.com/user/list
使用Restful风格,可以更加简洁:

http://www.test.com/user

和读取用户信息的区别是,user后面没有id,所以我们可以在读取部分的基础上做一下修改:

if($arr[1] == 'user'){ 
$model = new UserModel(); 
$id = $arr[2]; if($id){ //读取用户信息 
$user_info = $model->find($id); 
echo json_encode($user_info); 
}else{ //读取用户列表 
$user_list = $model->select(); 
echo json_encode($user_list); } }
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这样就实现了读取用户列表的接口。

下面再看如何实现增加用户的接口,传统方式:

http://www.test.com/user/add

Restful风格:

http://www.test.com/user
和读取用户列表的接口是一样的,怎么区分呢?其实很简单,读取是GET请求,而增加是POST请求,用户信息都存在POST参数中,所以可以对代码进行下面的修改:

if($arr[1] == 'user'){ 
$model = new UserModel(); 
$id = $arr[2]; 
if($id){ //读取用户信息 
$user_info = $model->find($id); 
echo json_encode($user_info); 
}else{ 
if(IS_POST){ //增加用户 
$res = $model->add($_POST); 
if($res){ echo 'success'; 
}else{ echo 'fail'; } 
}else{ //读取用户列表 
$user_list = $model->select(); 
echo json_encode($user_list); } } } 
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同样的接口,可以依据HTTP请求方式来执行不同的逻辑。
这就是实现Restful风格API的核心思路,依次类推,我们可以实现编辑用户接口和删除用户接口:

http://www.test.com/user/1
只要使用不同的请求方式,就能区分开了。我们可以用PUT请求来执行编辑操作,用DELETE请求来执行删除操作。

具体代码就不写了,有兴趣的朋友可以自己尝试实现以下。

在Thinkphp框架中也提供了对Restful风格的支持,原理也是类似的。

总结一下,Restful风格就是,使用简单的URL和HTTP请求方式来实现接口。

PHPRS github

这是一个轻量级框架,专为快速开发RESTful接口而设计。如果你和我一样,厌倦了使用传统的MVC框架编写微服务或者前后端分离的API接口,受不了为了一个简单接口而做的很多多余的coding(和CTRL-C/CTRL-V),那么,你肯定会喜欢这个框架!

先举个栗子

写个HelloWorld.php,放到框架指定的目录下(默认是和index.php同级的apis/目录)

/**
 * @path("/hw")
 */
class HelloWorld
{
  /** 
   * @route({"GET","/"})
   */
  public function doSomething() {
    return "Hello World!";
  }
}
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浏览器输入http://your-domain/hw/

你将看到:Hello World!就是这么简单,不需要额外配置,不需要继承也不需要组合。

发生了什么

回过头看HelloWorld.php,特殊的地方在于注释(@path,@route),没错,框架通过注释获取路由信息和绑定输入输出。但不要担心性能,注释只会在类文件修改后解析一次。更多的@注释后面会说明。

再看个更具体的例子

这是一个登录接口的例子

/**
 * 用户权限验证
 * @path("/tokens/") 
 */
class Tokens
{ 
  /**
   * 登录
   * 通过用户名密码授权
   * @route({"POST","/accounts/"}) 
   * @param({"account", "$._POST.account"}) 账号
   * @param({"password", "$._POST.password"}) 密码
   * 
   * @throws ({"InvalidPassword", "res", "403 Forbidden", {"error":"InvalidPassword"} }) 用户名或密码无效
   * 
   * @return({"body"})  
   * 返回token,同cookie中的token相同,
   * {"token":"xxx", "uid" = "xxx"}
   *
   * @return({"cookie","token","$token","+365 days","/"}) 通过cookie返回token
   * @return({"cookie","uid","$uid","+365 days","/"}) 通过cookie返回uid
   */
  public function createTokenByAccounts($account, $password, &$token,&$uid){
    //验证用户
    $uid = $this->users->verifyPassword($account, $password);
    Verify::isTrue($uid, new InvalidPassword($account));
    $token = ...;
    return ['token'=>$token, 'uid'=>$uid];
  } 
  /**
   * @property({"default":"@Users"})  依赖的属性,由框架注入
   * @var Users
   */
  public $users;
}
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还能做什么

  1. 依赖管理(依赖注入),
  2. 自动输出接口文档(不是doxgen式的类、方法文档,而是描述http接口的文档)
  3. 接口缓存
  4. hook

配合ezsql访问数据库

ezsql是一款简单的面向对象的sql构建工具,提供简单的基本sql操作。

接口

/** @path(/myclass) */
class MyClass{

  /**
  * @route({"GET","/do"})
  * @param({"arg0","$._GET.arg0"})
  */
  public doSomething($arg0){
    return Sql::select('xxx')->from('table_xxx')->where( 'xxx = ?', $arg0)->get($this->db);
  }
  /**
   * 依赖注入PDO实例
   * @property
   * @var PDO
   */
  public $db;
}

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配置文件

{
  {
    "MyClass":{
      "properties":{
        "db":"@db1"   
      }
    },
  },
  "db1":{
    "singleton":true,
    "class":"PDO",
    "pass_by_construct":true,
    "properties":{
      "dsn":"mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=xxx",
      "username":"xxxx",
      "passwd":"xxxx"      
    }
  },
}
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