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PHP实现无限极分类
PHP实现无限极分类
利用两个for循环实现无限级分类
表:
字段名 | 字段类型 | 备注 | 默认值 |
---|---|---|---|
id | int | 主键 auto-increment | |
name | varchar | 分类名称 | |
pid | int | 父类id | 0 |
顶级分类的 pid 默认就是0了。当我们想取出某个分类的子分类树的时候,基本思路就是递归,当然,出于效率问题不建议每次递归都查询数据库,通常的做法是先将所有分类取出来,数据保存到PHP数组里,再进行处理,最后还可以将结果缓存起来以提高下次请求的效率。
先来构建一个原始数组,这个直接从数据库中查询出来就行:
1. 构建数据
<code class="hljs php">$categories = array( array('id'=>1,'name'=>'电脑','pid'=>0), array('id'=>2,'name'=>'手机','pid'=>0), array('id'=>3,'name'=>'笔记本','pid'=>1), array('id'=>4,'name'=>'台式机','pid'=>1), array('id'=>5,'name'=>'智能机','pid'=>2), array('id'=>6,'name'=>'功能机','pid'=>2), array('id'=>7,'name'=>'超级本','pid'=>3), array('id'=>8,'name'=>'游戏本','pid'=>3), );</code>
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目标是将它转化为下面这种结构
电脑 >笔记本 >>超级本 >> 游戏本 > 台式机
手机 > 智能机 > 功能机
用数组来表示的话,可以增加一个 children 键来存储它的子分类:
<code class="hljs php">array( //1对应$categories中的id ,方便直接读取 1 => array( 'id'=>1, 'name'=>'电脑', 'pid'=>0, children=>array( &array( 'id'=>3, 'name'=>'笔记本', 'pid'=>1, 'children'=>array( //此处省略 ) ), &array( 'id'=>4, 'name'=>'台式机', 'pid'=>1, 'children'=>array( //此处省略 ) ), ) ), //其他分类省略 )</code>
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2. 处理过程:
<code class="hljs php">$tree = array(); //第一步,将所有的分类id作为数组key,并创建children单元 foreach($categories as $category){ $tree[$category['id']] = $category; $tree[$category['id']]['children'] = array(); } //第二步,利用引用,将每个分类添加到父类children数组中,这样一次遍历即可形成树形结构。 foreach ($tree as $key=>$value) { if ($value['pid'] != 0) { $tree[$value['pid']]['children'][] = &$tree[$key]; } } print_r($tree);</code>
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<code>注:必须通过引用, 否则不会一次遍历就生成最终的结果. </code>
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3. 打印结果如下:
<code class="hljs php">Array ( [1] => Array ( [id] => 1 [name] => 电脑 [pid] => 0 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 3 [name] => 笔记本 [pid] => 1 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 7 [name] => 超级本 [pid] => 3 [children] => Array ( ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 8 [name] => 游戏本 [pid] => 3 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 4 [name] => 台式机 [pid] => 1 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [2] => Array ( [id] => 2 [name] => 手机 [pid] => 0 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 5 [name] => 智能机 [pid] => 2 [children] => Array ( ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 6 [name] => 功能机 [pid] => 2 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [3] => Array ( [id] => 3 [name] => 笔记本 [pid] => 1 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 7 [name] => 超级本 [pid] => 3 [children] => Array ( ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 8 [name] => 游戏本 [pid] => 3 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [4] => Array ( [id] => 4 [name] => 台式机 [pid] => 1 [children] => Array ( ) ) [5] => Array ( [id] => 5 [name] => 智能机 [pid] => 2 [children] => Array ( ) ) [6] => Array ( [id] => 6 [name] => 功能机 [pid] => 2 [children] => Array ( ) ) [7] => Array ( [id] => 7 [name] => 超级本 [pid] => 3 [children] => Array ( ) ) [8] => Array ( [id] => 8 [name] => 游戏本 [pid] => 3 [children] => Array ( ) ) )</code>
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优点:关系清楚,修改上下级关系简单。
缺点:使用PHP处理,如果分类数量庞大,效率也会降低。
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