PHP中使用curl入门教程,phpcurl入门教程
PHP中使用curl入门教程,phpcurl入门教程
概述
在我的上一篇文章“curl和libcurl简介”中简单的给大家介绍了curl相关的知识。这篇文章向大家介绍一下PHP中的curl扩展。
尽管在上一篇文章中,对curl和libcurl做了区分,也解释了某些相关的概念。同时,也知道了PHP中的curl扩展其实是对libcurl的封装。但是,在这篇文章中,为了写起来方便,将不再对这两个概念进行区分,因此文章接下来提到的curl其实是指libcurl,希望不会把大家绕糊涂。
关于PHP中curl扩展这里就不再过多介绍了,大家可以查下文档。
安装curl
关于curl的安装,这里也不做过多的介绍。windows和linux都是一样的流程,根据平台选择相应的安装方式,然后在php.ini文件中开启curl扩展,与别的扩展的安装都是一样的。
PHP中使用curl的步骤
在PHP中,可以使用curl完成各种各样的功能,如抓取网页,文件的上传/下载、模拟登录等。但是这些功能的实现都是基于四个步骤完成的,所以curl的使用并不复杂。
使用curl时,主要分为以下四个步骤:
1.初始化一个curl实例—curl_init()
2.设置curl执行时的相关选项—curl_setopt()
3.执行curl查询—curl_exec()
4.关闭curl—curl_close()
在这四个步骤中,1、3、4步都很容易。最麻烦的就是2步,这一步设置curl的选项,这里有100多个不同的选项,要完成不同的功能,就要对这些选项进行组合。
下面对这四个步骤做一下说明:
1.初始化一个curl实例,这一步使用函数curl_init(),查看一下PHP手册,可以看到该函数的返回值是一个资源(resource)类型,我们需要使用一个变量来保存这个实例,因为后面的步骤都会用到这个实例。具体代码示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
$curl=curl_init(); //输出resource(2, curl)
2.设置curl相关选项,设置curl选项使用函数curl_setopt()。该函数接受三个参数:第一个参数就是要设置的curl的实例也就是第一步中的那个实例,第二个参数要设置的选项,是一个预定义的常量,具体都有哪些选项,大家可以在手册里自行查阅。第三个参数是要设置的选项的具体值。
代码示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.php.net");
3.执行curl查询,这一步使用函数curl_exec()。该函数接受一个参数,这个参数也是第1步中获取的实例。
代码示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_exec ($curl);
4.关闭当前curl,这一步使用函数curl_close()。该函数同样也是接受第1步中获取的curl实例作为参数。
代码示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_close($curl);
在PHP中使用curl一般都遵循这四个步骤,其中主要是通过对2步的不同设置来完成不同的功能,所以第2步是最麻烦的,有的甚至需要大家用心理解。
一个简单的curl代码实例
前面给大家介绍了使用curl的四个步骤,这里给大家简单演示一个抓取网页内容的实例,代码很简单,但是希望能帮助大家更好的理解curl。
抓取百度首页内容:
复制代码 代码如下:
$curl=curl_init();
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.baidu.com");
$baidu=curl_exec($curl);
curl_close($curl);
运行这一段代码,页面将显示百度首页。
总结
截止到今天,写了五六篇博客了。很想把自己学习的知识记录下来,也很想跟大家分享,但是一直觉得自己的语言组织能力不是太好,不知道看到文章的人能不能看懂,希望以后在语言组织方面能不断进步吧。

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