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PHP设计模式——命令模式
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PHP设计模式命令模式

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:02 AM
Order model Design Patterns

PHP设计模式——命令模式

 

命令模式:在软件系统中,“行为请求者”与“行为实现者”通常呈现一种“紧耦合”。但在某些场合,比如要对行为进行“记录、撤销/重做、事务”等处理,这种无法抵御变化的紧耦合是不合适的。在这种情况下,如何将“行为请求者”与“行为实现者”解耦?将一组行为抽象为对象,实现二者之间的松耦合。这就是命令模式。

 

类图:

角色分析:

抽象命令:定义命令的接口,声明执行的方法。

具体命令:命令接口实现对象,是“虚”的实现;通常会持有接收者,并调用接收者的功能来完成命令要执行的操作。

命令接收者:接收者,真正执行命令的对象。任何类都可能成为一个接收者,只要它能够实现命令要求实现的相应功能。

控制者:要求命令对象执行请求,通常会持有命令对象,可以持有很多的命令对象。这个是客户端真正触发命令并要求命令执行相应操作的地方,也就是说相当于使用命令对象的入口。

 

核心代码:

 

<!--?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: LYL
 * Date: 2015/6/4
 * Time: 20:21
 */

/**
 * 电视机是请求的接收者,
*遥控器上有一些按钮,不同的按钮对应电视机的不同操作。
*抽象命令角色由一个命令接口来扮演,有三个具体的命令类实现了抽象命令接口,
*这三个具体命令类分别代表三种操作:打开电视机、关闭电视机和切换频道。
*显然,电视机遥控器就是一个典型的命令模式应用实例。
 */

/**命令接收者
 * Class Tv
 */
class Tv
{
    public $curr_channel=0;

    /**
     * 打开电视机
     */
    public function turnOn()
    {
        echo The television is on..<br/-->;
    }

    /**
     * 关闭电视机
     */
    public function turnOff()
    {
        echo The television is off..
;
    }

    /**切换频道
     * @param $channel    频道
     */
    public function turnChannel($channel)
    {
        $this->curr_channel=$channel;
        echo This TV Channel is .$this->curr_channel.
;
    }
}

/**执行命令接口
 * Interface ICommand
 */
interface ICommand
{
    function execute();
}

/**开机命令
 * Class CommandOn
 */
class CommandOn implements  ICommand
{
    private $tv;

    public function __construct($tv)
    {
        $this->tv=$tv;
    }

    public function execute()
    {
        $this->tv->turnOn();
    }
}

/**关机命令
 * Class CommandOn
 */
class CommandOff implements  ICommand
{
    private $tv;

    public function __construct($tv)
    {
        $this->tv=$tv;
    }

    public function execute()
    {
        $this->tv->turnOff();
    }
}

/**切换频道命令
 * Class CommandOn
 */
class CommandChannel implements  ICommand
{
    private $tv;
    private $channel;

    public function __construct($tv,$channel)
    {
        $this->tv=$tv;
        $this->channel=$channel;
    }

    public function execute()
    {
        $this->tv->turnChannel($this->channel);
    }
}

/**遥控器
 * Class Control
 */
class Control
{
    private $_onCommand;
    private $_offCommand;
    private $_changeChannel;

    public function __construct($on,$off,$channel)
    {
        $this->_onCommand = $on;
        $this->_offCommand = $off;
        $this->_changeChannel = $channel;
    }

    public function turnOn()
    {
        $this->_onCommand->execute();
    }

    public function  turnOff()
    {
        $this->_offCommand->execute();
    }

    public function changeChannel()
    {
        $this->_changeChannel->execute();
    }
}
Copy after login

调用客户端代码:

header(Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8);
//----------------------命令模式--------------------
require_once ./Command/Command.php;
//测试代码
// 命令接收者  
$myTv = new Tv();
// 开机命令  
$on = new CommandOn($myTv);
// 关机命令  
$off = new CommandOff($myTv);

// 频道切换命令  
$channel = new CommandChannel($myTv, 2);
// 命令控制对象 
$control = new Control($on, $off, $channel);
// 开机  
$control->turnOn();
// 切换频道  
$control->changeChannel();
// 关机  
$control->turnOff();
Copy after login

 

适用场景:

 

1.系统需要将请求调用者和请求接收者解耦,使得调用者和接收者不直接交互。

2.系统需要在不同的时间指定请求、将请求排队和执行请求。

3.系统需要支持命令的撤销(Undo)操作和恢复(Redo)操作。

4.系统需要将一组操作组合在一起,即支持宏命令。

优点

1.降低对象之间的耦合度。

2.新的命令可以很容易地加入到系统中。

3.可以比较容易地设计一个组合命令。

4.调用同一方法实现不同的功能

 

 

 

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