PHP中的traits简单使用实例,phptraits实例
PHP中的traits简单使用实例,phptraits实例
PHP 5.4中的traits,是新引入的特性,中文还真不知道如何准确翻译好。其实际的目的,是为了有的场合想用多继承,但PHP又没多继承,于是就发明了这样的一个东西。
Traits可以理解为一组能被不同的类都能调用到的方法集合,但Traits不是类!不能被实例化。先来例子看下语法:
<?php trait myTrait{ function traitMethod1(){} function traitMethod2(){} } //然后是调用这个traits,语法为: class myClass{ use myTrait; } //这样就可以通过use myTraits,调用Traits中的方法了,比如: $obj = new myClass(); $obj-> traitMethod1 (); $obj-> traitMethod2 (); >
接下来,我们探究下为什么要用traits,举个例子,比如有两个类,分别为business(商务者)和Individual(个人),它们都有地址的属性,传统的做法是,再抽象出一个这两个类都共同有特性的父类,比如client,在client类中设置访问属性address,business和individual分别继承之,如下代码:
// Class Client class Client { private $address; public getAddress() { return $this->address; } public setAddress($address) { $this->address = $address; } } class Business extends Client{ //这里可以使用address属性 } // Class Individual class Individual extends Client{ //这里可以使用address属性 }
但假如又有一个叫order类的,需要访问同样的地址属性,那怎么办呢?order类是没办法继承client类的,因为这个不符合OOP的原则。这个时候traits就派上用场了,可以定义一个traits,用来定义这些公共属性。
// Trait Address trait Address{ private $address; public getAddress() { eturn $this->address; } public setAddress($address) { $this->address = $address; } } // Class Business class Business{ use Address; // 这里可以使用address属性 } // Class Individual class Individual{ use Address; //这里可以使用address属性 } // Class Order class Order{ use Address; //这里可以使用address属性 }
这样就方便多了!

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