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PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,splinterface
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PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,splinterface

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:04 AM
interface php interface

PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,splinterface

PHP SPL标准库总共有6个接口,如下:

1.Countable
2.OuterIterator
3.RecursiveIterator
4.SeekableIterator
5.SplObserver
6.SplSubject

其中OuterIterator、RecursiveIterator、SeekableIterator都是继承Iterator类的,下面会对每种接口作用和使用进行详细说明。

Coutable接口:

实现Countable接口的对象可用于count()函数计数。
复制代码 代码如下:
class Mycount implements Countable
{
    public function count()
    {
        static $count = 0;
        $count++;
        return $count;
    }
}
 
$count = new Mycount();
$count->count();
$count->count();
 
echo count($count); //3
echo count($count); //4

说明:

调用count()函数时,Mycount::count()方法被调用
count()函数的第二个参数将不会产生影响

OuterIterator接口:

自定义或修改迭代过程。
复制代码 代码如下:
//IteratorIterator是OuterIterator的一个实现类
class MyOuterIterator extends  IteratorIterator {
 
    public function current()
    {
        return parent::current() . 'TEST';
    }
}
 
foreach(new MyOuterIterator(new ArrayIterator(['b','a','c'])) as $key => $value) {
    echo "$key->$value".PHP_EOL;
}
/*
结果:
0->bTEST
1->aTEST
2->cTEST
*/

在实际运用中,OuterIterator极其有用:

复制代码 代码如下:
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', 'mckee');
$db->query('set names utf8');
$pdoStatement = $db->query('SELECT * FROM test1', PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$iterator = new IteratorIterator($pdoStatement);
$tenRecordArray = iterator_to_array($iterator);
print_r($tenRecordArray);

RecursiveIterator接口:
用于循环迭代多层结构的数据,RecursiveIterator另外提供了两个方法:

RecursiveIterator::getChildren 获取当前元素下子迭代器
RecursiveIterator::hasChildren 判断当前元素下是否有迭代器

复制代码 代码如下:
class MyRecursiveIterator implements RecursiveIterator
{
    private $_data;
    private $_position = 0;
 
    public function __construct(array $data) {
        $this->_data = $data;
    }
 
    public function valid() {
        return isset($this->_data[$this->_position]);
    }
 
    public function hasChildren() {
        return is_array($this->_data[$this->_position]);
    }
 
    public function next() {
        $this->_position++;
    }
 
    public function current() {
        return $this->_data[$this->_position];
    }
 
    public function getChildren() {
        print_r($this->_data[$this->_position]);
    }
 
    public function rewind() {
        $this->_position = 0;
    }
 
    public function key() {
        return $this->_position;
    }
}
 
$arr = array(0, 1=> array(10, 20), 2, 3 => array(1, 2));
$mri = new MyRecursiveIterator($arr);
 
foreach ($mri as $c => $v) {
    if ($mri->hasChildren()) {
        echo "$c has children: " .PHP_EOL;
        $mri->getChildren();
    } else {
        echo "$v" .PHP_EOL;
    }
 
}
/*
结果:
0
1 has children:
Array
(
    [0] => 10
    [1] => 20
)
2
3 has children:
Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 2
)
*/

SeekableIterator接口:

通过seek()方法实现可搜索的迭代器,用于搜索某个位置下的元素。
复制代码 代码如下:
class  MySeekableIterator  implements  SeekableIterator  {
 
    private  $position = 0;
 
    private  $array  = array(
        "first element" ,
        "second element" ,
        "third element" ,
        "fourth element"
    );
 
    public function  seek ( $position ) {
        if (!isset( $this -> array [ $position ])) {
            throw new  OutOfBoundsException ( "invalid seek position ( $position )" );
        }
 
       $this -> position  =  $position ;
    }
 
    public function  rewind () {
        $this -> position  =  0 ;
    }
 
    public function  current () {
        return  $this -> array [ $this -> position ];
    }
 
    public function  key () {
        return  $this -> position ;
    }
 
    public function  next () {
        ++ $this -> position ;
    }
 
    public function  valid () {
        return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]);
    }
}
 
try {
 
    $it  = new  MySeekableIterator ;
    echo  $it -> current (),  "\n" ;
 
    $it -> seek ( 2 );
    echo  $it -> current (),  "\n" ;
 
    $it -> seek ( 1 );
    echo  $it -> current (),  "\n" ;
 
    $it -> seek ( 10 );
 
} catch ( OutOfBoundsException $e ) {
    echo  $e -> getMessage ();
}
/*
结果:
first element
third element
second element
invalid seek position ( 10 )
*/

SplObserver和SplSubject接口:
SplObserver和SplSubject接口用来实现观察者设计模式,观察者设计模式是指当一个类的状态发生变化时,依赖它的对象都会收到通知并更新。使用场景非常广泛,比如说当一个事件发生后,需要更新多个逻辑操作,传统方式是在事件添加后编写逻辑,这种代码耦合并难以维护,观察者模式可实现低耦合的通知和更新机制。
看看SplObserver和SplSubject的接口结构:
复制代码 代码如下:
//SplSubject结构 被观察的对象
interface SplSubject{
    public function attach(SplObserver $observer); //添加观察者
    public function detach(SplObserver $observer); //剔除观察者
    public function notify(); //通知观察者
}
 
//SplObserver结构 代表观察者
interface SplObserver{
    public function update(SplSubject $subject); //更新操作
}

看下面一个实现观察者的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:
class Subject implements SplSubject
{
    private $observers = array();
 
    public function attach(SplObserver  $observer)
    {
        $this->observers[] = $observer;
    }
 
    public function detach(SplObserver  $observer)
    {
        if($index = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) {
            unset($this->observers[$index]);
        }
    }
 
    public function notify()
    {
        foreach($this->observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update($this);
        }
    }
 
 
}
 
class Observer1 implements  SplObserver
{
    public function update(SplSubject  $subject)
    {
        echo "逻辑1代码".PHP_EOL;
    }
}
 
class Observer2 implements  SplObserver
{
    public function update(SplSubject  $subject)
    {
        echo "逻辑2代码".PHP_EOL;
    }
}
 
 
$subject = new Subject();
$subject->attach(new Observer1());
$subject->attach(new Observer2());
 
$subject->notify();
/*
结果:
逻辑1代码
逻辑2代码
*/

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