PHP也能干大事 随机函数,php大事随机函数
PHP也能干大事 随机函数,php大事随机函数
写在前面
PHP也能干大事是我总结的PHP语法特性及相关函数类库的经典用法,并不一定是真正能实现四两拨千斤的功效,但是掌握这些方法,可以在你的工作和学习上有一些帮助,希望大家能集思广益,将《PHP也能干大事》丰富得更精彩!转载请注明出处(3mc2.com)
二、前言
PHP是常见的脚本语言,主要是因为其简单易学,上手快,几乎50%以上的Web程序都有PHP的身影(不完全统计)。PHP为开发这提供了丰富的函数和API接口,这使得我们能够非常方便地使用其强大的内置函数及扩展,本文是《PHP也能干大事》系列的第二篇,主要总结PHP在随机数生成器方面的知识。
三、PHP随机函数
PHP随机函数主要有rand、mt_rand、array_rand,还有随机“排列”(打乱顺序)的函数shuffle、str_shuffle,能够产生唯一ID的uniqid。
1、rand产生随机数:
<?php $base = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'; $count = strlen($base); $random = ''; for ($i=0; $i < 16; $i++) { $random.=$base[rand(0,$count-1)]; } echo $random; ?>
rand()函数是使用libc 的随机数发生器生成随机数的,一般较慢,且有不确定因素,建议使用mt_rand函数替代。
getrandmax()函数可以返回rand函数能够产生的最大的随机数(我的系统为32767),所以在设置rand函数第二个参数时不要超高getrandmax的返回值。
2、mt_rand产生随机数:
<?php $base = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'; $count = strlen($base); $random = ''; for ($i=0; $i < 16; $i++) { $random.=$base[mt_rand(0,$count-1)]; } echo $random; ?>
很多老的 libc 的随机数发生器具有一些不确定和未知的特性而且很慢。PHP 的 rand() 函数默认使用 libc 随机数发生器。mt_rand() 函数是非正式用来替换它的。该函数用了 » Mersenne Twister 中已知的特性作为随机数发生器,它可以产生随机数值的平均速度比 libc 提供的 rand() 快四倍。强烈建议在开发过程中使用mt_rand函数取代rand。
如果没有提供可选参数 min 和 max,mt_rand() 返回 0 到 mt_getrandmax() 之间的伪随机数。例如想要 3到 20(包括 3 和 20)之间的随机数,用 mt_rand(3, 20)。
3、array_rand函数
<?php $base = array('a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z','0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'); $random = ''; for ($i=0; $i < 16; $i++) { $random.=$base[array_rand($base)]; } echo $random; ?>
array_rand返回数组中随机的键值,有点类似mt_rand()函数,其余的没什么特殊的地方,灵活运用而已。
4、shuffle函数
<?php $base = array('a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z','0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'); if(shuffle($base)){ print_r($base); } ?>
shuffle函数是打乱一个数组的序列,有点随机的意思,这里就放在随机函数里了。返回值为bool值,相当于直接引用了原变量。
5、str_shuffle函数
<?php $base = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'; echo str_shuffle($base); ?>
这里str_shuffle的功能和shuffle的功能是类似的,唯一不同的是返回值,str_shuffle的原字符串是不变的。
6、uniqid函数
<?php echo uniqid(); //54f806528172f ?>
uniqid能够产生唯一的字符串,这个应用的范围可以相当广泛
四、总结
随机函数几乎是每种语言最基本的功能,PHP对于随机函数的支持也不例外,这里介绍了rand、mt_rand、array_rand、shuffle、str_shuffle、uniqid函数的基本用法,更多可以结合实际应用灵活运用。

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