Laravel 5框架学习之日期,Mutator 和 Scope,laravelmutator
Laravel 5框架学习之日期,Mutator 和 Scope,laravelmutator
在我们前面的解决方案中,直接给 published_at 赋值为当前日期实际上是一个临时解决方案,我们需要设定发布日期,可能是未来2天后才发布,让我们修改这个问题。
首先修改控制器:
public function store() { Article::create(Request::all()); return redirect('articles'); }
然后修改视图,添加发布日期字段
@extends('layout') @section('content') <h1 id="Write-a-New-Article">Write a New Article</h1> <hr/> {{--使用我们添加的 illuminate\html 开源库--}} {!! Form::open(['url' => 'articles']) !!} <div class="form-group"> {!! Form::label('title', 'Title:') !!} {!! Form::text('title', null, ['class' => 'form-control']) !!} </div> <div class="form-group"> {!! Form::label('body', 'Body:') !!} {!! Form::textarea('body', null, ['class' => 'form-control']) !!} </div> <div class="form-group"> {!! Form::label('published_at', 'Publish On:') !!} {!! Form::input('date', 'published_at', date('Y-m-d'), ['class' => 'form-control']) !!} </div> <div class="form-group"> {!! Form::submit('Add Article', ['class' => 'btn btn-primary form-control']) !!} </div> {!! Form::close() !!} @stop
ok,让我们添加一个新的文章,并且把日期设置为未来的某一天,但是文章直接显示在最开始了,这不是我们需要的。我们需要到了那天才显示出来。当然,我们需要更具体一点,比如在早上 8:00 显示,而不是0点显示。我们可以添加一个mutator(也就是其他语言的属性设置器),修改我们的model
<?php namespace App; use DateTime; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Article extends Model { protected $fillable = [ 'title', 'body', 'published_at' ]; //属性设置其要遵守格式约定 // set属性Attribute public function setPublishedAtAttribute($date) { $this->attributes['published_at'] = Carbon::createFromFormat('Y-m-d', $date)->hour(8)->minute(0)->second(0); } }
添加一个新的纪录,查看数据库,我们已经将时间设置正确了,但是我们的首页仍然显示未来的才发布的文章,我们修改它。
public function index() { //$articles = Article::latest('published_at')->get(); $articles = Article::latest('published_at')->where('published_at', '<=', Carbon::now())->get(); return view('articles.index', compact('articles')); }
上面的解决方法可以工作,但是查询语句太长了。我们可以使用 Laravel 提供的 scope ,来简化我们的工作。所谓scope可以理解为是查询过程中使用的中间查询结果,比如我们定义一个published scope,他可以返回所有当前已经发布的文章,让我们修改模型。
//设置scope,遵守命名规则 public function scopePublished($query) { $query->where('published_at', '<=', Carbon::now()); }
修改控制器使用 scope
public function index() { //$articles = Article::latest('published_at')->get(); //$articles = Article::latest('published_at')->where('published_at', '<=', Carbon::now())->get(); $articles = Article::latest('published_at')->published()->get(); return view('articles.index', compact('articles')); }
结果相同,但在复杂的查询中我们可以使用scope来分解我们的任务,或者复用查询。
我们来增加一个新的查询,查询所有还没有发布的文章。在模型中添加scope
public function scopeUnpublished($query) { $query->where('published_at', '>', Carbon::now()); }
修改控制器使用unpulished
public function index() { //$articles = Article::latest('published_at')->get(); //$articles = Article::latest('published_at')->where('published_at', '<=', Carbon::now())->get(); //$articles = Article::latest('published_at')->published()->get(); $articles = Article::latest('published_at')->Unpublished()->get(); return view('articles.index', compact('articles')); }
one more thing! 如果我们在 show 方法中使用 dd($article->published_at) 查看的结果,与 dd($article->created_at); 结果不一样,前者我们使我们自己的字段,后者是在 CreateArticleTable 中通过 $table->timestamp() 自动生成的。自动生成的字段显示出来是 Carbon类型,而我们的是字符串。使用 Crabon类型有很多的好处,例如你可以输出 dd($article->created_at->diffForHumans()); ,这种 1 hour ago 结果,但我们的published_at 不可以。怎么修改?修改模型,告诉laravel,published_at 是日期即可。
protected $dates = ['published_at'];
再次使用 dd($article->published_at->diffForHumans()); ,结果显示为 3 days from now,Bingo!
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望能够给大家学习Laravel5框架有所帮助。

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