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PHP变量引用(&)、函数引用和对象引用
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PHP变量引用(&)、函数引用和对象引用

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:15 AM
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PHP变量引用(&)、函数引用和对象引用

 1.变量的引用

PHP 的引用 两个变量的指针指向同一内存地址

$a="ABC";
$b =&$a;
echo $a;//这里输出:ABC
echo $b;//这里输出:ABC
$b="EFG";
echo $a;//这里$a的值变为EFG 所以输出EFG
echo $b;//这里输出EFG

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2.函数的引用传递(传址调用)

function test(&$a)
{
$a=$a+100;
}
$b=1;
echo $b;//输出1
test($b);   //这里$b传递给函数的其实是$b的变量内容所处的内存地址,通过在函数里改变$a的值 就可以改变$b的值了
echo "<br>";
echo $b;//输出101
?>
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3.函数的引用返回

function &test()
{
static $b=0;//申明一个静态变量
$b=$b+1;
echo $b;
return $b;
}

$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为1
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为2

$a=&test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为3
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为6

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下面解释下:
通过这种方式$a=test();得到的其实不是函数的引用返回,这跟普通的函数调用没有区别 至于原因: 这是php的规定
通过$a=&test()方式调用函数呢, 他的作用是 将return $b中的 $b变量的内存地址与$a变量的内存地址 指向了同一个地方
即产生了相当于这样的效果($a=&$b;) 所以改变$a的值 也同时改变了$b的值 所以在执行了

4.对象的引用(PHP5)

class foo {
  public $bar = 1;
}

$a = new foo;   //$a其实也是一个引用
$b = $a;        //拷贝引用 ($a)=($b)={id1}

$a->bar = 2;
echo "b->bar = $b->bar\n";

$b->bar = 3;
echo "a->bar = $a->bar\n";
//修改了b,但实际上是修改了a和b所引用的同一个对象
//并不会引发 Copy On Write 创建一个新对象b

$a = new foo;   //$a被修改为一个新的引用,$b没有改变
                //($a)={id2} ($b)={id1}
$a->bar = 4;
echo "b->bar = $b->bar\n";

$b = &$a;       //显式地使用引用,b成为“对象的引用”的引用
$a = new foo;   //($a)={id3} ($b)=&($a)=&{id3}
$a->bar = 5;
echo "b->bar = $b->bar\n"
//==output====
b->bar = 2
a->bar = 3
b->bar = 3
b->bar = 5
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